河口悬浮粒子Stern电位的测定方法

首次提出了一种间接测定悬浮粒子Stern电位的方法,即通过测定悬浮粒子在不同浓度NaCl(0.01～0.40mol/L)溶液中的ζ-电位,按照Gouy-Chapman理论一般公式之对数变换式,用作图法计算悬浮粒子的Stern电位.用该方法研究了黄河口悬浮粒子Stern电位的变化规律.结果表明,在淡、咸水混合初期,悬浮粒子的Stern电位迅速减小;当S>3.5时,Stern电位不再随盐度的增大而变化.由此提出,对Ca2+和Ms2+的吸附是影响河口悬浮粒子Stern电位变化的主要因素.     

珠江河口虎门的地貌动力学研究

以野外现场调查、数值模拟和前人研究成果综合分析虎门的地貌动力学特征。因峡口上、下游水域开阔,涨落潮过程中发育着强大的双向不对称射流系统;由于峡口区流速最大,发育着冲刷深槽,而峡口的上、下游因流速降低,泥沙有规律地沉积,形成了涨潮三角洲与落潮三角洲堆积体,出现纵向上“马鞍”形断面特征和横向上“槽-脊-滩”的地貌特征,与其动力特征相适应。     

珠江河口经济动物体铜铅锌镉的含量

分别于2000年4月、2001年4月和2002年8月对珠江河口水域海洋经济动物体内Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd四种重金属元素的含量进行了调查分析,结果表明,14种经济动物体肌肉Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn各元素的平均含量分别是0.08、2.67、0.05、5.69mg·kg~(-1),其变化范围为nd～0.46mg·kg~(-1)、0.24～11.85mg·kg~(-1)、nd～0.26mg·kg~(-1)、1.55～18.36mg·kg~(-1)。甲壳类与头足类生物体内铜铅锌镉含量比较接近,远远高于鱼类的含量。所检测的14种经济类海洋动物中,虾姑、乌贼Cu的含量高于其余三种元素的含量,其余12种生物Zn的含量比另三种元素含量高。三次调查该水域经济类海洋动物体铜铅锌镉的含量基本一致。与水产品中有毒有害物质限量标准比较,14种被测样品铜、铅和镉的含量全部符合该标准的要求。     

北仑河口动力特征及其对河口演变的影响

对北仑河口自然环境动力要素的分析表明 ,河川径流、波浪、沿岸流及潮流是北仑河口演变的主要动力因素 ,三者的叠加不但使河道的大小、位置、形态等发生变化 ,而且还造成河岸的严重侵蚀     

珠江口淇澳岛海岸带反硝化作用研究

采用N2通量法,在一套连续流动培养装置中测定珠江口淇澳岛海岸带的反硝化速率,探讨各种因素对淇澳岛海岸带反硝化速率的影响.结果表明,反硝化速率受NO3-的利用率影响,而不是NO3-的绝对浓度.大型红树植物对淇澳岛海岸带的反硝化速率影响最大,其次是硝酸盐利用率,而有机质含量的影响较小.由于大型红树植物的影响,样品Q0411-5的反硝化速率比同在岛内的Q0411-3高出1倍.样品Q0412-14的NO3-培养前后的浓度变化(△NO3-)是Q0412-9的4倍多,因为受硝酸盐利用率的影响,它的反硝化速率却是Q0412-9的2倍多.温度对反硝化速率的影响程度尚不能确定.     

黄河三角洲沉积物超固结特征及其成因

以室内固结试验为基础,从含水量、孔隙比、粒度成分、前期固结压力等方面对黄河三角洲沉积物的固结状态进行了研究,发现黄河三角洲地区沉积物垂向上呈现超固结-正常固结-欠固结的趋势,6 m以上沉积物处于超固结状态,这是土体粒度成分和沉积环境的影响等因素共同作用形成的。土体胶结方式的不同和波浪等动力因素的影响深度的不同决定了超固结特征沿深度非均匀化。     

The effects of wastewater discharges on the functioning of a small temporarily open/closed estuary

Wastewater discharges affect the functioning of small temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs) through two main mechanisms: (1) they can significantly change the water balance by altering the quantity of water inflows, and (2) they can significantly change the nutrient balance and hence the water quality. This study investigated the bio-physical responses of a typical, small TOCE on the east coast of South Africa, the Mhlanga Estuary. This estuary receives significant inflows of treated effluent from upstream wastewater treatment works. Water and nutrient budgets were used together with biological sampling to investigate changes in the functioning of the system. The increase in inflows due to the effluent discharges has significantly increased the mouth breaching frequency. Furthermore, when the mouth closes, the accumulation of nutrients leads to eutrophication and algal blooms. A grey water index, namely the proportion of effluent in the estuary and an indicator of the additional nutrient inputs into the estuary, reached high values (?50%) during low flow regimes and when the mouth was closed. In these hyper-eutrophic conditions (DIN and DIP concentrations up to 457 μM and 100 μM respectively), field measurements showed that algal blooms occurred within about 14 days following closure of the mouth (chlorophyll-a concentrations up to 375 mg chl-a m⁻³). Water and nutrient balance simulations for alternative scenarios suggest that further increases in wastewater discharges would result in more frequent breaching events and longer open mouth conditions, but the occurrence of hyper-eutrophic conditions would initially intensify despite more frequent openings. The study indicates how water and nutrient balance simulations can be used in the planning and impact assessment of wastewater treatment facilities.     

珠江河口水环境时空变异对河口生态系统的影响

分析近20年来珠江河口水环境变异的特征,探讨珠江河口水环境与水生物相互联系和相互作用的关系。结果表明,珠江河口形态、地貌、水文情势和入河污染物等变异改变了珠江河口水生物的栖息条件,削弱了河口生态系统的自动调节修复能力和稳定性,对河口生态系统的物质循环、能量流动和发育演化平衡构成了重大影响。     

Mercury in the Tinto-Odiel Estuarine System (Gulf of Cádiz, Spain): Sources and Dispersion

The Tinto and Odiel are small rivers draining one of the largest sulphide deposits in the world. As a result of these deposits and a large industrial complex, the adjacent marine area receives a high amount of metal input. Mercury distribution in the Tinto-Odiel estuary, the Huelva Ría and the Gulf of Cádiz was assessed in water and suspended particulatematter (SPM) and sediments. In the rivers and estuaries, dissolved (HgD)and particulate (HgP) mercury showed wide variations (13 to 200 pM and0.3 to 330 nmol g^-1 respectively) depending on the presence or notof sulphidic waters, phosphogypsum deposits, detrital pyrite and oxyhydroxides.In the Ría, concentrations were lower than 10 pM and 4.5 nmol g^-1 for HgD and HgP respectively. In surface waters of the Gulf of Cádiz, the average HgD concentration (pm standard deviation) was 2.9 pm 0.9 pM, which is similar to that of North Atlantic Central Waters. The surface sediments collected in the rivers, the Ría and the Gulf showed systematically enriched mercury compared to pre-industrial levels. Vertical mercury profiles in dated sediment cores were typical of anthropogenically influenced environments starting in the early Roman age. These distribution features suggest that most of the Hg discharged by the Huelva Ría is trapped in the sediments of the Gulf of Cádiz.     

非生物因子对底栖动物无齿相手蟹重金属富集量的影响

以长江口滨岸滩地生态系统一种常见的大型底栖动物无齿相手蟹(Sesarma dehaani)为研究对象,分析温度、盐度、重金属间相互作用等几个主要非生物因子对无齿相手蟹积累Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Ni的影响。结果表明,夏季无齿相手蟹对Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni的累积量高于其他季节,说明较高的温度有助于动物对重金属元素的吸收;秋季,无齿相手蟹体内的Pb含量与盐度显著负相关;春季,无齿相手蟹体内的Zn含量与盐度负相关;无齿相手蟹体内累积的Zn—Ni,Pb—Cr之间相关显著,二者均呈正相关。