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41.
通过对色尔腾山山前断裂带乌加河段断层地貌研究,并结合前人对断裂带断裂活动性的工作,分析得到乌加河活动断裂段晚更新世晚期(距今1.445~2.234万年)以来平均垂直位移速率是0.48~0.75 mm/a,全新世早中期以来(距今5 570~8 830年)平均垂直位移速率是0.56~ 0.88 mm/a.利用5个探槽中揭露的古地震现象,结合前人对该断裂带古地震的研究结果,分析确定出2.7万年以来,色尔腾山山前断裂乌加河段共揭露出5次古地震事件,重复间隔约为4 300~4 400年.距今8 000~9 000年之间可能为一个古地震丛,而距今1~2万年之间可能遗漏了两次古地震事件.对比断层陡坎的高度与探槽中揭示出古地震事件的位移和,以及由断层平均位移速率和一次事件的位移得到古地震的重复间隔,得到阿拉盖兔探槽中缺失了3次古地震事件,整个活动断裂段上可能缺失了两次古地震事件. 相似文献
42.
介绍了西秦岭北缘断裂带东段和海原断裂带西段的天然断层泥的分形方法和结果,并对断层泥的粒度分布特征与断层运动特性的关系进行了探讨。 相似文献
43.
Two semi-asymmetric flow patterns of typhoons are chosen to qualitatively determine the effect of exchange of horizontal momentum between inflow and outflow layers and the environment on the motion of typhoons. The results show that only the asymmetric flow component (residual after azimuthal mean flow has been removed) could cause a net momentum input into or output from a typhoon and therefore contribute to the changes in speed and direction of the typhoon movement. A typhoon with major inflow and/or outflow channels on its right (left) side would tend to accelerate and turn left (decelerate and turn right); On the other hand, a typhoon with major inflow and/or outflow channels in the rear (front) semicircle would tend to accelerate and turn right (decelerate and turn left). 相似文献
44.
基岩水的壁间运动及基本特征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文通过对基岩水与孔隙水的比较分析,介绍了基岩水的分布、水动力学和水化学特征,指出了基岩水运动具有均位趋势、选择流动及汇流特性,得出了渗流理论不宜用于基岩水的结论。 相似文献
45.
构造非平稳运动定量研究的MDD模式制约 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用MDD模式得到的连续冷曲线,可以定量地描述地质体的冷却(隆升)过程;采自我国7个不同地区中38个钾长石MDD模式研究结果证明,快速冷却事件存在的普遍性,不同的快速冷却速度可能反映了不同的构造事件;突变因子(δvi)可以定量地描述地质体非平稳运动以及突变程度,并且使得不同地质事件非平稳程度的对比成为可能。 相似文献
46.
NEE向阿尔金主断裂带的新构造运动以左旋压扭性活动为特征,仅西端发育张性构造,并可划分出两期变形,新构造运动强度在时间上自上新世晚期开始至第四纪断裂活动强度增大,在空间上自SWW向NEE方向断裂活动强度逐渐减弱;柴达木北缘的新构造运动可划分为两期,其主要构造特征表现为向柴达木盆地逆冲的前进式叠瓦道冲带,柴达木盆地第四纪时的北界相对于第三纪时的北界向南迁移了数十公里;河西走廊盆地的新构造运动主要表现为盆地边缘断裂的逆冲兼走滑,盆地接受新生代沉积、盆地内第三系的轴面南倾的褶皱;NEE向阿尔金主断裂带与其南侧的NWW向断裂带是在统一构造应力场作用下相互协调、同时活动的两组关系紧密的构造带,两者的共同活动构成了断块运动。 相似文献
47.
本文对Ni40Mn30Fe30合金与在不同焙烧温度下得到的含水叶蜡,在高温超高压下的反应进行了实验研究,温度测至1420℃,压是至5.5GPa,研究了该反应的物质-化学机制,以及反应速率与温度,压力,含水量等参数的关系,对高压下物质迁移运动的固有特征进行了探讨。 相似文献
48.
The aridity of the Arabian Peninsula's deserts ranges between arid to hyperarid with hot dry climate, scarce precipitation and sparse vegetation. These harsh environmental conditions enhance some geomorphologic processes more than others, cause specific geotechnical problems, and increase desertification.From west to east, the general physiography of Saudi Arabia shows the Red Sea coastal plains and the escarpment foothills called Tihama followed by the Arabian Shield mountains, the Arabian Shelf plateau and finally the Arabian Gulf coastal plains. Sand moves by wind either as drifting sand or migrating dunes in four major sand seas, over the Arabian Shelf, and in the inter-mountain valleys, in the Arabian Shield causing problems of erosion and deposition. Human activities in the deserts may cause more instability to the sand bodies, enlarging the magnitude of the problem. Fine silty soil particles also move by wind, depositing loess mainly in selected areas downwind in the Tihama. These loess deposits subside and may form earth fissures by the process of hydrocompaction upon wetting. The addition of water can be either natural through storms or man-made through human agricultural or civil activities. Extensive sabkhas exist along the coastal plains of both the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf. The sabkha soil may also heave by salt re-crystallization or collapse by wetting. The shallow groundwater brines present in sabkhas also attack and corrode civil structures. Urbanization and excessive groundwater pumping may also deplete the fresh groundwater resources and may cause subsidence, ground fissuring and surface faulting as observed in some locations in the Arabian Shield. Although the average annual precipitation is very low, rain usually falls in the form of torrential storms, collected by dry valley basins and causing floods to unprotected downstream areas on the coastal plains of the Red Sea.The desert environment, being a fragile echo system, needs to be treated with care. Intercommunications between different national and international agencies and education of the layman should help to keep the system balanced and reduce the resulting environmental hazards. In addition, any suggested remedial measures should be planned with nature and engineered with natural materials. 相似文献
49.
Peter M. Kearl 《Journal of Hydrology》1997,200(1-4):323-344
The colloidal borescope consists of a set of lenses and miniature video cameras capable of observing natural particles in monitoring wells. Based on field observations of these particles, it appears possible to measure in situ groundwater velocity in a well bore. Field observations have shown that directional measurements using the colloidal borescope are generally in good agreement with expected flow directions. However, the magnitude of flow velocity is higher compared with values based on conventional test methods. High relative flow velocities, even after correction factors have been applied to compensate for well bore effects, are believed to be due to preferential flow zones in the surrounding aquifer. Low flow zones exhibit swirling multidirectional flow that does not allow for a linear velocity measurement. Consequently, groundwater flow velocities measured by the colloidal borescope in heterogeneous aquifers will be biased toward the maximum velocity values present in the aquifer. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to assess the reliability of the instrument. Based on this work, a seepage velocity correction factor (
) of 1–4 was found for quantifying groundwater seepage velocity in the adjacent aquifer from observations in a well bore. Laboratory measurements also indicate that preferential flow in the surrounding aquifer dominates flow in the well. Results of this work suggest the possibility of quantifying higher-flow velocities associated with preferential flow zones in the subsurface. 相似文献
50.