A record of Lateglacial/Holocene environmental change from a high‐elevation site in the Intermountain West,USA

Records of past vegetation and fire history can be complicated by changes in the depositional environment of a sampling location. However, these changes can alternatively be used as a measure of climate variability. Our study site, ca. 18.0 cal. ka BP record from Little Brooklyn Lake, Wyoming, located near the crest of the Snowy Range, records three moisture states. Initially, the lake was likely a glacier‐fed pond indicated by the presence of Pediastrum algae colonies. Around 13.0 cal. ka BP this pond transitioned to a meadow environment, suggested by the loss of Pediastrum algae colonies and slow sedimentation rates. Meadow conditions were maintained until ca. 5.0 cal. ka BP when Pediastrum algae colony abundance increased,indicating the formation of a shallow lake. From 18.0 to ca. 5.0 cal. ka BP, the pollen record is suggestive of alpine vegetation conditions with relatively high spruce and herbaceous taxa. Low charcoal influx also characterizes the period between 18.0 and 5.0 cal. ka BP. After 5.0 cal. ka BP, the coincidence of the formation of shallow lake and pollen data, indicating a shift to a spruce and fir forest, suggests an increase in effective moisture. Fire remained rare in this basin over the entire record, however, once the lake established sedimentation rates and charcoal influx increased. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青藏公路工程活动对沿线植被覆盖的影响

利用2000-2012年的MODIS 增强植被指数（Enhanced Vegetation Index,EVI）数据,结合研究区3个气象台站长期的气象数据,分析了青藏公路沿线植被变化总体趋势,以及不同整修措施对周边植被覆盖带来的不同影响.通过实地考察,选取了16个受工程活动影响的典型路边样方,3个铁路边样方和8个远离公路铁路的自然样方,对比路边和自然样方,分析植被的自我恢复能力以及4个主要影响因子.结果表明：青藏公路沿线植被覆盖变化是在整个气候变化的背景下,叠加了工程活动的影响.植被的恢复能力与其所在路段的地形、植被覆盖度、气候条件、以及工程活动的强度均有关系,抑制植被生长的因素越多,植被恢复越慢.     

Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironment of Gonghe Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, During the Lastdeglacial: Weathering, Erosion and Vegetation Cover Affect Clay Mineral Formation

With the analysis of the sources and formation mechanism of the clay minerals in the sediment core from the Dalianhai lake in the Gonghe Basin,northeastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau,clay mineral composition proxies,grain-size and carbonate contents have been employed for high-resolution study in order to reconstruct East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM） over the northeastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau during the lastdeglacial.The study also extended to establish a relationship between vegetation cover changes and erosion during the last 14.5 ka with pollen record and clay mineral proxies.Smectite/kaolinite and smectite/（illite＋chlorite） ratios allow us to assess hydrolysis conditions in lowlands and/or physical erosion process in highlands of the Gonghe Basin.Before 12.9 Cal ka BP,both mineralogical ratios show low values indicative of strong physical erosion in the basin with a dominant cold and dry phase.After 12.9 Cal ka BP,an increase in both mineralogical ratios indicates enhanced chemical weathering in the basin associated with a warm and humid climate.The beginning of Holocene is characterized by high smectite/（illite＋chlorite） and smectite/kaolinite ratios that is synchronous as with deposition of many peat laminae,implying the best warm and humid conditions specifically between 8.0 to 5.5 Cal ka BP.The time interval after 5.0 Cai ka BP is characterized by a return to high physical erosion and low chemical weathering with dry climate conditions in the basin.Comparing variations of clay mineral assemblages with previous pollen results,we observe a rapid response in terms of chemical weathering and physical erosion intensity to a modification of the vegetation cover in the basin.     

Effects of Lateral Variation in Vegetation and Basin ‘Dome’ Shape on Tropical Lowland Peat Stabilisation in the Kota Samarahan-Asajaya Area, West Sarawak, Malaysia

Field surveys indicate lateral variation in peat humification levels （von Post） in dominantly occurring fibric,fibric to hemic,sapric and hemie to sapric peats across a gradient from the margin towards the centre of tropical lowland peat domes.Cement-peat stabilisation can be enhanced by adding mineral soil fillers （silt,clays and fine sands） obtained from Quaternary floodplain deposits and residual soil （weathered schist）.The unconfined compressive strength （UCS） of the stabilised cement-mineral soil fifler-peat mix increases with the increased addition of selected mineral soil filler.Lateral variation in the stabilised peat strength （UCS） in the top 0 to 0.5 m layer was found from the margin towards the centre of the tropical lowland peat dome.The variations in the UCS of stabilised tropical lowland peats along a gradient from the periphery towards the centre of the peat dome are most likely caused by a combination of factors due to variations in the mineral soil or ash content of the peat and horizontal zonation or lateral variation in the dominant species of the plant assemblages （due to successive vegetation zonation of the peat swamp forest from the periphery towards the centre of the tropical lowland peat dome）.     

植被状态指数VCI与几种气象干旱指数的对比——以河南省为例

使用1982-2006年GIMMS AVHRR NDVI数据集与同期的CI、K、Pa、SPI、Z、PDSI等干旱指数做了对比分析, 讨论了河南省植被状态指数VCI对气象干旱的滞后效应及干旱监测能力. 结果表明: VCI指数与气象干旱指数的相关性受不同下垫面的影响较大, 农地的VCI与气象干旱指数相关性要明显高于林地, 农地VCI与气象干旱指数呈现正相关关系. 在河南省不同的作物生长阶段, VCI对气象干旱有着不同的滞后效应, 其中, 3-5月份冬小麦生长期VCI对气象条件的反应滞后1~3个月, 7、9月份夏玉米生长期VCI对气象条件的反应滞后1月. 总体上看, 结合前期的气象数据, VCI对河南省气象干旱有一定的指示作用和监测能力.     

黑河流域典型景观植被带陆面过程同步观测研究

为了解内陆河流域不同尺度内与水循环及生态过程有关的水分、热量分布规律,在黑河流域上中下游选取3个典型植被景观带建立观测场,并布设环境观测系统(ENVIS)进行环境要素的同步观测.结果表明,山区森林草地灌丛复合生态区陆面是冷性湿润的下垫面,中游绿洲荒漠接触带是干性、较湿润的下垫面,下游荒漠河岸林景观带是干热性的下垫面.     

晋、冀、蒙、陕地区淡水资源馈乏的严重性

以陕、蒙、冀、晋为例,阐述了现今地球上淡水资源匮乏的状况、恶化的趋势及危害性;提出了大力提倡高效农业、节水农业、少占地、尤其是植树造林,努力改善区域生态环境,形成水资源的良性循环;并提出了实施的具体措施及方案.     

上海广粤路原垃圾堆场植被护坡探讨

上海虹口区广粤路垃圾堆场地处中心城区,是垃圾堆场改造成景的成功案例,但近年常受大暴雨影响发生小型滑坡。植被是经济和有效的水土保持和固坡方式。本文简述植被护坡机理与作用,针对广粤路垃圾堆场实际情况,探讨植被护坡的合理运用,以改善和提高城区环境面貌。     

南川市三泉镇岩溶区农田生态系统植被碳库的动态变化

通过农田样方观测与实验分析获得南川市三泉镇农田生态系统主要农作物的含碳率、经济系数、果实水分系数,结合该区近26年来( 1980- 2005)主要农作物产量与耕地面积的相关数据,用农作物产量与碳储量转换模型计算法估算和分析该区农田生态系统植被碳库的总量及构成的动态变化。结果发现: 近26年来该镇农田植被碳库和碳密度略有提高,具有微弱的碳汇效应。与邻近的四川盆地非岩溶区相比,该区农田植被碳密度较低。针对农田生态系统植被碳库的构成特点和动态特征,该镇今后应进行作物结构调整,适度增加水稻等大春作物的种植和马铃薯、油菜和饲料等小春作物的种植面积,稳定小麦等作物的播种面积; 加强农田基本建设,发展生态农业,以进一步提高农田生态系统植被碳库的碳储量和碳密度。