The criterion of gravity wave instability induced by photochemistry in summer polar mesopause region

This paper studies the effect of photochemistry on the gravity wave instability in summer polar mesopause region. The calculation method of the effects of eddy viscosity, conductivity and eddy diffusion of chemical species on the gravity wave instability induced by photochemistry are studied. The critical wavelength of the instability is given in this paper. The influences of some parameters on it are discussed. The study shows that the gravity wave instability induced by photochemistry is sensitive to the temperature and atomic oxygen profiles.     

纵横向受荷基桩变形内力的矩阵传递解

针对地基的土体屈服性状,将桩侧土体分为弹性变形区域与塑性变形区域两种情况。假定地基反力系数为3参数的一般形式,同时考虑桩身 效应并计入桩身自重、桩侧摩阻力的影响,根据地基反力法分别建立桩身弹性段和塑性段挠曲线微分方程。在解微分方程的过程中,采用矩阵传递法结合Laplace正逆变换的方法解得桩顶作用轴向力、水平力、弯矩时桩身内力和变形的矩阵传递解,并用Fortran语言编制了相应计算程序。最后将试验数据对上述方法进行验证,结果表明计算值与模型试验的实测值吻合很好,采用文中3参数地基反力法反算所得的地基参数离散性很小,研究结果具有较高的应用价值。     

峨眉山大火成岩省的风化碳汇效应：玄武岩粉末水-岩反应实验研究

在实现“双碳”目标背景下,有效的碳封存技术成为近年来学界关注的焦点。在众多碳封存技术中,基于玄武岩粉末的增强风化碳汇技术具有较强的成本优势,同时也对促进作物生长、改善粮食产量具有积极作用。流域研究揭示玄武岩风化具有非常高的速率,但与玄武岩粉末增强风化碳汇技术在时间尺度和反应条件上存在较大差异。中国西南地区广泛分布有峨眉山玄武岩,其在喷发之后的快速化学风化被认为是晚二叠世冰川活动的驱动机制,有可能成为增强风化碳汇技术的基础原料。为深入理解峨眉山玄武岩的风化碳汇效应,增进对玄武岩增强风化碳汇技术的认识,本文利用不同粒径玄武岩粉末和天然雨水及河水开展了水岩反应实验研究。结果显示,雨水与玄武岩粉末经历720 h常温条件的封闭反应后,其pH值接近河水的pH值,且Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺等离子浓度显著升高,其活动性和溶出速率受所在岩石结构、矿物组成、元素赋存状态、溶液饱和状态等因素共同影响与控制。玄武岩粉末与雨水的反应实验中Si元素的溶出速率最快,为4.36×10^-12 mol/m...     

低温非静水应力作用下固体岩石颗粒间流体的性状及传质作用

低温下非静水应力作用固体颗粒间流体因其参与流体—矿物反应和流体传质而在地壳岩石变形和同构造地球化学过程中起着重要作用。粒间流体的性状、粒间流体—矿物反应和粒间流体传质都与固体颗粒所受应力密切相关。流体膜是非静水应力作用下固体颗粒间流体存在的主要形式,流体膜的厚度和成分决定着究竟是流体膜中水化力、双电层排斥力,还是因双电层而引起的流体渗透压在流体膜传递应力的机制中起主导作用。应力通过改变固—液界面上固体物质的自由能而影响固—液界面反应和流体的传质,并对这一应力感生过程的热力学和动力学方程进行了推演。     

热活化胶状黄铁矿去除酸性溶液中的Cd(Ⅱ)

利用XRD和SEM测试方法表征了热活化胶状黄铁矿结构和微观形貌,考察了溶液pH、溶解氧和热活化温度对热活 化胶状黄铁矿去除水中Cd（Ⅱ）的影响,并探讨了除Cd（Ⅱ）反应动力学和作用机理。胶状黄铁矿在N2氛围下650℃热活化 5 min可完全分解生成多孔结构化单斜磁黄铁矿（PMPyr）。在pH 2~6的无氧水溶液中PMPyr除Cd（Ⅱ）效率均达到88%以 上,除Cd（Ⅱ）效率受pH影响较小;PMPyr表面氧化会抑制其与Cd（Ⅱ）的反应。PMPyr除Cd（Ⅱ）动力学可用准二级动力学模型拟合（R2> 0.9992）,结合溶液pH变化趋势、Fe（Ⅱ）和SO42-浓度变化推测,PMPyr除Cd（Ⅱ）机理主要是Fe1-xS和CdS溶度积差异推动了PMPyr与Cd（Ⅱ）交换反应,表面络合属于次要作用。     

Subgrade fatigue life effects due to a pressurized void

The effect on the fatigue life of a subgrade beneath a uniformly loaded cement concrete runway, when detonation gases have formed a void in the subgrade is considered. The research models numerically the runway and the subgrade and considers the void when empty, partially filled, and filled. The void may or may not be pressurized. Pressurizing the void reduces the downward vertical runway surface displacements. In only two of the 90 numerical models considered did pressurizing the void increase the subgrade fatigue life. In the subgrade outside the cone of disturbance, the fatigue life was significantly reduced.     

950℃、1.0～3.5GPa下斜长角闪岩脱水熔融——压力和时间对结构的影响

利用YJ-3000t和JL-3600t多顶砧压力机,以哀牢山造山带南部红河县大白能—乐育剖面上的天然块状斜长角闪岩为初始样品,在950℃、1.0～3.5GPa、恒温20～300h条件下进行了两个系列的斜长角闪岩块状样品脱水部分熔融实验:(1)保持温度T=950℃,加热时间t=100h不变,改变压力(1.0～3.5GPa)的实验;(2)保持温度T=950℃,压力p=3.0GPa不变,改变加热时间(20～300h)的实验。结果表明,1.0～3.5GPa、950℃、恒温100h的条件下,随压力升高,斜长角闪岩中依次生成了单斜辉石+石榴石+熔体的矿物组合(1.0～1.5GPa)和单斜辉石+石榴石+熔体+硬玉+SiO2矿物+蓝晶石(2.0～3.5GPa)的矿物组合。3.0GPa、950℃条件下,随加热时间增加,实验产物中依次生成了单斜辉石+石榴石+熔体+硬玉+SiO2矿物+蓝晶石的矿物组合(20～100h)和单斜辉石+石榴石+熔体的矿物组合(150～300h)。斜长角闪岩的原岩结构决定了实验产物中新生矿物和熔体的分布。依据实验产物的矿物组合和新生矿物的分布特征,讨论了950℃、1.0～3.5GPa、恒温(20～300h)条件下,斜长角闪岩部分熔融过程的结构变化、变质反应以及石榴石冠状体的成因。     

The effect of pre‐tectonic reaction and annealing extent on behaviour during subsequent deformation: insights from paired shear zones in the lower crust of Fiordland,New Zealand

Granulite facies pargasite orthogneiss is partially to completely reacted to garnet granulite either side of narrow (<20 mm) felsic dykes, in Fiordland, New Zealand, forming ~10–80 mm wide garnet reaction zones. The metamorphic reaction changed the abundance of minerals, and their shape and grain size distribution. The extent of reaction and annealing (temperature‐related coarsening and nucleation) is greatest close to the dykes, whereas further away the reaction is incomplete. As a consequence, grain size and the abundance of garnet decreases away from the felsic dykes over a few centimetres. The aspect ratios of clusters of S1 pyroxene and pargasite in the orthogneiss, which are variably reacted to post‐S1 garnet, decrease from high in the host, to near equidimensional close to the dyke. Post‐reaction deformation localized in the fine‐grained partially reacted areas. This produced a pattern of ‘paired’ shear zones located at the outer parts of the garnet reaction zone. Our study shows that grain size sensitive deformation occurs where the grain size is sufficiently reduced by metamorphic reaction. The weakening of the rock due to the change in grain size distribution outweighs the addition of nominally stronger garnet to the assemblage.     

A Review of Magnesium Isotope System in Rivers

In recent years, a series of important progresses have been made in the aspect of magnesium isotopes behavior in weathering processes. These progresses are not only favorable to understand the change of the magnesium isotopic compositions in rivers, but also establish the foundation to further reveal the magnesium isotope geochemical cycle. The magnesium in rivers is both magnesium sink for weathering and magnesium source for the ocean. The Mg isotopic compositions in rivers are dominated by the magnesium sources and Mg isotope fractionations processes. The sources of magnesium in rivers originate mainly from draining rocks, as well as less contribution from the eolian deposition, groundwater, plant debris, and precipitation. The Mg isotope fractionations in rivers are mainly related to precipitation and dissolution of carbonate minerals, silicate mineral hydrolysis, adsorption on mineral or colloidal matter surface, and plant uptake. Generally, the contribution of carbonate minerals dissolution or precipitation is equal to add or reduce magnesium from carbonate endmember, which has a remarkably negative δ²⁶Mg value. Based on the fact that most clay minerals are rich in ²⁶Mg during nature silicate mineral hydrolysis, then it is possible to infer that residual weathering products enrich in ²⁶Mg. However, there is no significant Mg isotope fractionation causing by the adsorption on mineral or colloidal matter surface during river water migration. For the plant uptake, the root prefers to have ²⁶Mg, leading the plant itself rich in heavier Mg isotopic composition. In addition, formation of secondary minerals in rivers could also reflect the changes of chemical parameters in rivers (such as major elements, CO₂ solubility, pH, etc.). Hence, Mg isotopic composition in rivers and associated isotope fractionations are not only the basis for the application of magnesium isotope to trace surface material cycle, but also have important significance for the further understanding the geochemical cycle of magnesium isotopes.     

汉诺坝玄武岩中熔体-捕虏体相互作用初步研究

汉诺坝新生代玄武岩捕获的地幔橄榄岩及其解体矿物橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石捕虏晶,普遍发育反应边结构,提供了玄武岩浆在上升穿越岩石圈地幔过程中橄榄岩-熔体相互作用的重要信息。橄榄石和单斜辉石捕虏晶反应边的成分变化一致,由核部富镁向边部富铁变化,趋同于玄武岩中相应斑晶的成分。斜方辉石捕虏晶反应边一般由橄榄石+单斜辉石+玻璃构成,多为双层结构,反应边矿物橄榄石、单斜辉石较相应的地幔矿物富铁,其富硅、碱的中酸性玻璃成分,为中国东部地幔矿物包裹体中存在的富硅、碱熔体的来源提供了重要信息。同时发现橄榄岩捕虏体中尖晶石颜色、成分的变化与温度的关系。地幔矿物捕虏晶反应边结构(非平衡结构)得以保存,暗示了玄武岩浆的快速上升。而大规模的熔体-捕虏体相互作用,改变着岩石圈地幔的性质。