Tracing clinothem geometry and sediment pathways in the prograding Holocene Po Delta system through integrated core stratigraphy

Though clinothem geometry represents a key control on fluid flow in reservoir modelling, tracing clinothem boundaries accurately is commonly limited by the lack of sufficiently precise outcrop or subsurface data. This study shows that in basin systems with strongly heterogeneous compositional signatures, the combination of bulk-sediment geochemistry and benthic foraminiferal distribution can help identify clinothem architecture and generate realistic models of 3D deltaic upbuilding and evolution. Middle-late Holocene deposits in the Po Delta area form an aggradational to progradational parasequence set that reveals the complex interaction of W–E Po Delta progradation, S-directed longshore currents (from Alpine rivers) and Apennines rivers supply. Unique catchment lithologies (ophiolite rocks and dolostones) were used to delineate basin-wide geochemical markers of sediment provenance (Cr and Mg) and to assess distinctive detrital signatures. The geochemical characterization of cored intervals across different components of the sediment routing system enabled a direct linkage between clinothem growth, transport pathways and provenance mixing to be established. On the other hand, abrupt microfaunal variations at clinothem boundaries were observed to reflect the palaeoenvironmental response to sharp changes in sediment flux and fluvial influence. This study documents the ability of an integrated geochemical and palaeoecological approach to delineate three distinct sources (Po, Alps and Apennines) that contributed to coastal progradation and to outline the otherwise lithologically cryptic geometries of clinothems that using conventional sedimentological methods it would be virtually impossible to restore.     

The 3D facies architecture and petrophysical properties of hyaloclastite delta deposits: An integrated photogrammetry and petrophysical study from southern Iceland

Hyaloclastites develop where lava interacts with water resulting in deposits that have a unique and often complex range of petrophysical properties. A combination of eruptive style and emplacement environment dictates the size, geometry and distribution of different hyaloclastite facies and their associated primary physical properties such as porosity, permeability and velocity. To date, links between the 3D facies variability within these systems and their petrophysical properties remain poorly understood. Hjörleifshöfði in southern Iceland presents an exceptional outcrop exposure of an emergent hyaloclastite sequence >1 km wide by >200 m high and enables an investigation of the distribution of the hyaloclastite deposits at seismic scale. Within this study we present a photogrammetry-based 3D model from part of this recent hyaloclastite delta and incorporate previous work by Watton et al. (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2013, 250, 19) to undertake detailed facies interpretation and quantification. Laboratory petrophysical analyses were performed on 34 core plugs cut from key field facies samples, including P- and S-wave velocity, density, porosity and permeability at both ambient and confining pressure. Integration of the 3D model with the petrophysical data has enabled the production of pseudo-wireline logs and property distribution maps which demonstrate the variability of physical properties within hyaloclastite sequences at outcrop to seismic scale. Through comparison of our data with examples of older buried hyaloclastite sequences we demonstrate that the wide-ranging properties of young hyaloclastites become highly uniform in older sequences making their identification by remote geophysical methods for similar facies variations more challenging. Our study provides an improved understanding of the petrophysical property distribution within hyaloclastite sequences and forms a valuable step towards improving the understanding of similar subsurface sequences and their implications for imaging and fluid flow.     

插拔桩对黄河水下三角洲浅层土的扰动及恢复研究

黄河水下三角洲埕岛海区浅部地层自上而下主要有三种结构类型:厚层粉土-软弱粉质粘土型、薄层粉土-软弱粉质粘土层型和厚层软弱粉质粘土层-粉土或粉质粘土层型。具桩靴平台在研究区内进行插拔桩,扰动或破坏表层土,拔桩后形成桩坑。桩坑的恢复夷平和坑内回淤土层性质直接影响后期海洋工程进行。本研究利用浅地层剖面仪、声纳、野外钻探及室内实验等方法对桩坑内外土体的性质进行了探测。探测结果表明,三种类型底土在插拔桩后,回淤地层结构及其物理力学性质与原地层比较,有较大差异。     

黄河三角洲海岸线动态变化规律与预测研究

通过10帧黄河三角洲地区不同时相卫星遥感影像对比和利用实测水深资料,对1976年以来黄河三角洲海岸线的冲淤变化规律及过程进行分析研究。利用遥感监测数据构建海岸线演变回归模型,对海岸线的未来形态变化进行预测。研究结果表明,三角洲总岸线长度自1992年来逐年减小;刁口岸段自1976年来由持续侵蚀向冲淤平衡过渡;新河口岸段自1976年来不断淤积扩张,但近年来陆域面积开始出现缩小趋势。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组三角洲沉积及演化

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组广泛发育曲流河三角洲沉积,其总体沉积特征为：沉积体系及相带发育完整;成分成熟度及结构成熟度较高;发育各种沉积构造、动植物化石及生物遗迹构造。曲流河三角洲平原的分流河道具有复杂分支与决口历史,因此常呈交织状,受分流河道冲蚀作用的影响,河口坝不发育。曲流河三角洲主要形成于湖盆坳陷回返期。通过对岩相组合、骨架砂体的几何形态及盆地古地理背景的综合分析,认为延长组的环境演化反映了浅水台地型三角洲逐渐转变为陆上平原的过程。曲流河三角洲可形成良好的储层,是油气勘探的有利相带。     

A New Understanding of Channel Patterns and Facies Models of the Shallow Lake Delta Facies of Fuyu Oil Reservoir in Songliao Basin,China

In the Fuyu Reservoir of Songliao Basin, there occur a series of well-developed peculiar shallow lake delta facies, which can be divided to such three ones as the upper delta plain subfacies, the lower delta plain subfacies, and the delta front subfacies. Among them the upper delta plain subfacies mainly grows proximal distributary channels; the lower delta plain subfacies mainly grows distal ones. The entire Fuyu Reservoir has mainly developed 7 kinds of distributary channel patterns： proximal/ distal meandering type distributary channels, proximal/distal low-sinuosity type distributary channels, proximal/distal straight type distributary channels, and subaqueous distributary channels. Among these patterns, the proximal and distal meandering type distributary channels have bigger thickness of point bar and better sorting and low content of mud; moreover, they are the major reservoirs and occur in the bottom of Quan-4th member. The sandbars of the subaqueous distributary channels have higher mud content, and serve as the poorer reservoirs, and mainly occur in the top of Quan-4th member.     

苏里格地区中二叠统下石盒子组盒8段沉积相研究

苏里格气田是我国大型砂岩性圈闭气藏,主力产气层为下石盒子组盒8段,本文根据岩心化验分析资料,测井资料,通过对前人研究成果的总结,认为苏里格地区盒8段为辫状河三角洲沉积体系。在深入细致的微相分析基础上,编制了盒8沉积时期的沉积相平面图。根据沉积相的时空展布规律,建立了本区盒8段沉积相模式。     

近20年辽河三角洲地貌演化

运用钻探和浅地层探测等最新调查成果,对近20年的辽河三角洲潮流沉积进行了研究.根据不同时期水深地形和卫星影像资料对比分析了现代辽河三角洲潮流地貌变化.现代辽河三角洲的沉积主体位于双台子河口.研究区10 m深度内的地层主要包括:潮滩相、潮道相和浅海相沉积,其下为古三角洲相.潮滩相沉积物以砂和粉砂为主,分选中等,跳跃和悬浮组分各占50%左右:浅海相和潮道相沉积物主要为软弱的粘土质粉砂和粉砂质粘土,以悬浮组分为主.全新世以来至1896年,研究区为古辽河、古大凌河和绕阳河之间的小海湾.1896年,双台子河被人工开挖为分洪河道以来,口门外形成盖州滩等潮滩,并快速发育.1958年,双台子河建闸后,人海径流量和输沙量减小.目前.双台子河口整体处于淤积状态,潮滩面积不断增加,整体向南、西、北3个方向扩展.潮滩最大淤进速率为87～683 m/a,平均淤积速率为0.189 m/a.潮滩东侧局部发生侵蚀,平均侵蚀速率为0.122 m/a.潮道面积缩小,具有向西、向北迁移的趋势,最大迁移速率为48～200m/a.双台子河口地貌发育受径流、海洋动力和人类活动的影响,沉积物的主要来源由双台子河河流输沙演变为潮流和沿岸流输沙.     

珠江水下三角洲

根据海底地形，陆架残留沉和残留地貌，第四系厚度分布，断裂分布等综合分析，认为珠江口外的陆架只有１个水下古三洲。按照陆架第四纪地层及其分布，沉积旋回的更替，推断水下古三角洲经历过４个发育期的演变而与陆上珠江三角洲构成一个完整的体系。     

伊犁盆地库捷尔太铀矿床铀成矿地质地球化学条件及找矿意义

本文对库捷尔大层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床的成矿地质、地球化学条件进行了探讨,阐述了为什么在该矿床8个沉积旋回中都有层间氧化带发育,但以第Ⅴ旋回铀矿化最好,以及煤层在铀成矿过程中的作用等问题。在此基础上,进一步表明了下述观点：（1）本矿床的铀成矿具有双重铀源体系;（2）伊梨盆地的构造条件对铀成矿起了一定的控制作用;（3）煤系天然气（煤成气）中的CH4是本矿床铀成矿过程中的主要还原剂。因此,在含煤盆地层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿的找矿过程中,要加强对煤系天然气圈闭的预测;（4）盆缘的扇三角洲相地层既具有良好的补-迳-排条件,又具有烃类的储集层,因此是层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿成矿的有利部位;（5）地下水迳流区内的局部排泄源在层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿找矿中具有特别重要的意义。