鄂尔多斯盆地定边-吴起地区长6沉积相研究

通过对岩石学特征、岩石颜色、沉积构造、生物化石标志、粒度分析等特征综合研究,证明鄂尔多斯盆地定边-吴起地区长6油层组属于辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积,发育三角洲平原、三角洲前缘及深湖-半深湖亚相。研究区长6油层组受西北和东北方向上的两个主要物源控制,平面上发育规模较大的北东-南西、北西-南东方向展布的水下分流河道,延伸至南部入湖。从长63至长61,研究区湖岸线逐渐向南推移,半深湖-深湖范围逐渐缩小,北部三角洲平原面积扩大,是一个逐渐湖退的过程。     

An integrative geological and geophysical approach to characterize a superficial deltaic aquifer in the Camargue plain,France

Deltaic aquifers are complex due to the important heterogeneity of their structure and their hydrogeological functioning. Auger drilling provides localized, but very robust geological and hydrogeological information, while geophysical surveys can provide integrated subsurface information. An effective, easy-to-use and low-cost methodology combining geological/hydrogeological information from Auger drillings and the results from three geophysical techniques (Electromagnetic mapping, Electrical Sounding and Electrical Resistivity Tomography) is being developed to characterize the structure of a typical Mediterranean deltaic aquifer. A first hypothesis about hydrodynamic properties of the aquifer is also obtained. The study area is located in the Rhone delta (Middle Camargue/southern France). Integration of geophysical and geological techniques allowed identifying the presence and lateral extension of the Saint-Ferréol paleochannel, the vertical contact between lagoonal–fluvial deposits and the marine clayed silt that separate the superficial aquifer from the deeper aquifer. Likewise, high north–south heterogeneity and east–west homogeneity were highlighted in the study area. Presence of clay in sandy deposits in the low areas implies changes in lateral hydraulic permeability. This fact, jointed to the low hydraulic gradient, suggests a slow groundwater flow in the local system. The Rhone delta presents a typical configuration of a Mediterranean deltaic aquifer, thus this methodological approach can be used for similar deltaic Mediterranean systems.     

扇三角洲砂体几何形态沉积数值模拟方法研究

扇三角洲是陆相碎屑岩重要的沉积类型之一.利用砂体沉积过程数值模拟方法可以预测扇三角洲砂体的几何形态.在利用泥沙冲淤动力学模式建立扇三角洲沉积过程的数学方程后,根据现代三角洲沉积特征,设计了其沉积过程的模拟条件,计算域长100 km、宽50 km,流量按50年一遇洪水设计,模拟过程到2 000年时,扇三角洲沉积过程基本达到平衡状态,此时前缘复合砂体最大厚度约39 m.通过对扇三角洲前缘砂体几何形态的模拟研究,总结出扇三角洲沉积体储层建筑结构的模拟与预测方法.计算过程中可识别出4种沉积砂体,包括水下分流河道(砂体的平均长宽比为2.68,平均宽厚比为79.8)、河口砂坝(平均长宽比为2.02,平均宽厚比为68.2)、远砂坝(平均长宽比为1.65,平均宽厚比为58.3)、水下溢岸沉积.主要沉积单元砂体几何参数之间的相关关系较好.实验结果表明,利用泥沙冲淤动力模式可以较好地揭示扇三角洲发育过程,进而可以预测扇三角洲砂体的几何形态.     

Holocene stratigraphic and morphological evolution of the Wandandian Creek delta,St Georges Basin,New South Wales

Subaerial exposure beside the Wandandian Creek channel during the last glacial maximum led to the development of red and orange mottling and, in some areas, produced a palaeosol over the Pleistocene land surface. Incision of the palaeo-Wandandian Creek, during the Late Pleistocene, formed a relatively deep steep-sided channel partially infilled with medium-grained fluvial sand. This palaeovalley became drowned as the post-glacial marine transgression impounded the western portion of St Georges Basin and the basal prodelta/lagoonal mud facies was deposited from ca 7 ka. The Wandandian Creek delta prograded down the palaeovalley and reached the study area ～3500 – 4000 years ago with the deposition of delta-front sandy silt and the overlying prograded sand facies. The subaerial portion of the delta is characterised by well-developed floodplains, levees, mouth bars and backswamps. Dredging in Wandandian Creek and land clearing for rural and urban development have had little long-term effect on the growth and morphology of Wandandian Creek delta.     

苏北废黄河三角洲海岸线动态演变分析

以苏北废黄河三角洲海岸1989、1995、2006和2010年4期Landsat TM影像为数据源,运用一般高潮线法,对各期影像分类处理后提取海岸线,分析了研究区海岸线21年间动态演变的时空分布特征,并初步探讨其主要控制因素。结果表明:(1)北翼灌河口—中山河口岸段在1989-2010年21年间整体表现为蚀淤交替,淤积岸段逐渐向南迁移,主要集中分布于普港和新滩港岸段,平均淤积速率最大达39.82 m/a(2006-2010);中部岬角中山河口—扁担河口岸段在研究期间平均蚀退速率为13.79 m/a,其中南段侵蚀强度最高,可达23.23 m/a,为整个研究区海岸侵蚀最快的岸段,北段次之,中段最低,随时间推进,总体侵蚀渐缓;南翼扁担河口—夸套河口岸段21年间平均蚀退速率达17.30 m/a,夸套河口以南则呈现快速淤积-缓慢淤积-蚀淤基本平衡的过渡态势。(2)近20多年来,废黄河三角洲海岸由于受到海岸轮廓形态、动力作用(波浪、潮流、沿岸流与重力等)及人类活动(保滩护岸工程、盐田与围垦工程及港口工程等)的影响,各岸段呈现出不同的侵蚀-淤积特点。     

渤海东部庙北地区沙一段储层特征及控制因素

钻井揭示庙北地区沙一段储层物性较差,该区是否发育优质储层直接影响着下一步的勘探决策。综合利用壁心、薄片、地震、钻井及分析化验等资料,分析储层特征和影响因素,探讨了优质储层分布,分析表明,庙北地区沙一段为低孔、低渗—特低渗储层,储集空间为粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔。碱性水体条件下的碳酸盐矿物强胶结、扇三角洲边缘相带和黏土矿物向伊利石的转化是导致储层物性差的主要因素,溶蚀作用是控制优质储层发育的决定因素。受沉积相带、溶蚀强度及异常高压等条件控制,同沉积断层下降盘的扇三角洲主河道区和水下隆起带上的碳酸盐岩浅滩为优质储层发育的有利区。研究成果对于该区油气勘探具有重要的参考意义。     

Splitting rivers at their seams: bifurcations and avulsion

River bifurcations are critical but poorly understood elements of many geomorphological systems. They are integral elements of alluvial fans, braided rivers, fluvial lowland plains, and deltas and control the partitioning of water and sediment through these systems. Bifurcations are commonly unstable but their lifespan varies greatly. In braided rivers bars and channels migrate, split and merge at annual or shorter timescales, thereby creating and abandoning bifurcations. This behaviour has been studied mainly by geomorphologists and fluid dynamicists. Bifurcations also exist during avulsion, the process of a river changing course on a floodplain or in a delta, which may take 10²–10³ years and has been studied mainly by sedimentologists. This review synthesizes our current understanding of bifurcations and brings together insights from different research communities and different environmental settings. We consider the causes and initiation of bifurcations and avulsion, the physical mechanisms controlling bifurcation and avulsion evolution, mathematical and numerical modelling of these processes, and the possibility of stable bifurcations. We end the review with some open questions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

莱州湾凹陷垦利油区沙三上亚段辫状河三角洲沉积特征表征

渤海湾盆地莱州湾凹陷垦利油区沙三上亚段是目前中深层油气勘探开发的重点主力含油层系。综合研究区沉积背景,以三维地震资料、岩心及测井资料为依托,结合地震沉积学研究,开展了垦利油区沙三上亚段辫状河三角洲沉积特征及演化规律研究。结果表明,莱州湾凹陷垦利油区沙三上亚段沉积期,发育以莱北低凸起、垦东凸起及潜在物源区潍北低凸起供源形成的辫状河三角洲沉积体系。研究区辫状河三角洲平原砂体以细—中砂岩为主,前缘砂体以粉—细砂岩为主,分选性中等较好。牵引流性质的沉积构造十分发育,多见生物扰动构造,反映三角洲前缘动荡的水体环境。顺物源方向发育斜交前积反射地震相,垂直物源方向识别出多期丘状反射地震相。综合古地貌、沉积特征及振幅属性切片,明确研究区沙三上亚段以北部物源莱北低凸起供源为主导,沉积中块及沉积东块为主体沉积区,莱北低凸起供源的三角洲呈后退趋势,其展布面积大（95~130 km2）。沉积西块及东块为多物源供给区,来自垦东凸起的三角洲前缘沉积逐渐萎缩,来自潍北低凸起的三角洲区前缘沉积逐渐向湖盆中央推进。上述沉积展布及演化规律为进一步精细勘探开发提供了沉积地质基础。     

Recent Observations of PMS δ Scuti Stars

We present time series observations of the intermediate mass Pre-Main Sequence star H254 belonging to the young star cluster IC 348 and of the Herbig Ae star V351 Ori.Both these stars present light variation on short time scale (a few hours) typical of the Scuti pulsation. The new data are briefly described together with the plan for future observational campaigns on PMS Scuti stars.