吐哈盆地丘东气田中侏罗统西山窑组上、下气藏储层差异性分析

吐哈盆地丘东凝析气田主力产层为中侏罗统西山窑组中部的砂岩层,可分为上气藏（X4-X5）和下气藏（X6-X9）,上、下气藏的储集体虽然都是三角洲前缘的河口坝和分流河道砂体,但在储集物性、非均质性和砂体几何形态等方面存在明显的差异。本文通过基准面旋回的划分和沉积微相研究,指出上、下气藏因其所处的旋回位置及相分异作用不同,储层非均质性和砂体几何形态存在明显差异,上气藏储层物性明显优于下气藏。该研究表明,基于基准面变化的高分辨率层序地层学方法可有效地用于预测储层的纵横向分布,对油气藏开发部署有重要的指导意义。     

中国东部陆相断陷盆地成熟探区油气勘探新领域分析*

经过50多年勘探开发,中国东部陆相油气田均已进入勘探中后期阶段,受石油地质认识局限性和勘探技术的限制,待发现目标日趋隐蔽,油气勘探难度日益增大。针对中国东部陆相断陷盆地深层低孔渗—致密砂岩储集层评价方法的局限性、深部砂砾岩储集体成因模式问题以及基岩风化壳形成和分布的复杂性问题,作者经过近几年的探索和总结,取得以下主要研究进展: (1)基于砂岩储集层物性演化动力学原理,提出了致密砂岩储集层动态评价的新思路和新方法,指出过去评价较低的深部凹陷带低孔渗—致密砂岩体仍然具有较大的勘探潜力; (2)运用地震地层学方法,通过建立断陷盆地陡坡带斜向大型扇三角洲沉积模式,指出斜向大型扇三角洲砂砾岩是断陷盆地深层有利的储集体,可以作为下一步有利勘探方向; (3)根据基岩风化壳双层结构新模式,结合风化壳储集层改造—破坏—保存机理的动力学新模型,指出断陷盆地中低部位是最有利风化壳储集层发育带,断陷盆地缓坡内带(洼槽区)风化壳是下一步油气勘探的重要新领域。文中提出的上述3大勘探新领域不仅是对断陷盆地油气成藏模式的补充和发展,更重要的是展现出中国东部断陷盆地深层常规和非常规油气勘探领域的巨大潜力,为深化东部成熟盆地油气勘探指出了明确的方向。     

松辽大型浅水湖盆三角洲沉积特征及前缘相储层结构模型

松辽湖盆具有大、浅、缓、湖面波动迅速、波浪作用带宽和能量较弱的特点,形成了北部富有特色的大型河流三角洲沉积物。这一三角洲在垂向层序、骨架砂体类型、规模等诸多方面与海相三角洲相比都有很大差别,而更多的表现为浅水三角洲的特征。前缘相砂体具有明显的条带方向性,前缘相骨架砂体为水下河道沉积,缺乏典型的厚层反韵律的河口坝砂体。垂向上层序不连续,典型的三层结构特征不明显。在前缘相内可进一步划分出包括水下河道和席状砂组合的内前缘相沉积和以席状砂为主的外前缘相沉积。不同层段和亚相位置出现相应的砂体类型,每一类型砂体与泥岩在空间有规律的组合,形成了特定的储层空间分布结构,为储层结构模型的建立提供了基础。以砂体密度,夹层密度和有效砂岩系数等定量参数结合砂体组合形式,相带位置等成因特征,前缘相储层5类结构模型:即孤立水道型,叠加水道型,不稳定互层型,稳定互层型,孤立薄层型。     

埕北海域海底管线冲刷稳定性研究

根据埕北海域水下三角洲的工程地质条件和水动力条件,分析海底管线在两种铺设方式情况下的冲刷稳定性。第一种为埋置在一定土层深度处的管线：根据整个埕北海域海底长期冲淤变化规律,利用１９９２～１９９６ 年的实测水深资料得出的冲刷速率,推算出管线被冲出泥面所需的时间。第二种为裸露在海底的管线：根据海流对管线周围沉积物产生冲刷效应,冲刷达到一定程度时处于平衡状态,认为此状态下,海流在该点产生的剪切力等于形成可冲蚀海床沉积物的临界牵引力,据此计算出在管线周围冲刷的最大深度     

三角洲分流河道及河口坝形成过程的物理模拟

三角洲砂体是已开发油气田中最重要的储集类型之一 ,对该类砂体的形成过程开展物理模型研究以预测储集砂体的分布特征及演变规律具有重要的实际意义。文中以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长统长 6三角洲砂体为模拟原型 ,对三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝形成过程进行了较深入研究。指出长 6三角洲储层主要是在基准面下降过程中 ,由水下分流河道的频繁分汊、交汇、叠合、迁移形成的。由于受到不同期水下分流河道的切割 ,河口坝保持时间较短而欠发育。实验结果与油田地质研究 ( 14口井资料 )对比表明 ,砂体组成及粒度参数的符合率达73% ,砂层厚度分布的符合率达 62 %～ 81% ,沉积微相展布的符合率达 58%。实验过程显示 ,水下分流河道的变迁与湖平面的下降速率及活动底板的运动强度密切相关     

Cosmic Ray Effects on the ISOCAM Long Wave Detector

The ISOCAM detector is subjected to transient effects induced bycosmic rays, the so-called glitches. This paper is focused onthe ISOCAM long wave detector. The predicted glitch rates havebeen re-evaluated by taking into account secondary particlesproduction in the materials surrounding the LW detector. We showin this preliminary study that the difference between thepreviously predicted glitch rate and the observed rate may beexplained by secondary particles.     

闽江口水下三角洲沉积特征及沉积环境：Ⅰ.现代沉积特征及沉积环境

本文根据闽江口表层沉积物类型、分布及中值粒径等值线等粒度成分和粒度参数特征,探讨了闽江口水下三角洲现代沉积特征和沉积环境。     

Production, preservation and prediction of source-rock facies in deltaic settings

This article hypothesizes that production and preservation of source-rock type facies in deltaic systems, both landward and seaward of a coastline, is mutually exclusive, time-successive and related to the dynamics of relative sea level. Sedimentologic research in the Holocene Mississippi and Rhône delta complexes suggests that rheotrophic peats and associated organic-rich beds preferably accumulate in the accommodation space created behind landward stepping shorelines in a transgressive systems tract (TST). Such a setting also allows for a sufficient supply of recharging fresh nutrient-rich groundwater into the peat forming mires [Kosters, E.C., Suter, J.R., 1993. Facies relationships and systems tracts in the late Holocene Mississippi Delta Plain. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 63 (4) 727–733.]. Independently carried-out quantitative paleoecological studies in the same delta systems (and in addition in the Orinoco and Po deltas) suggest that in a progradational setting (highstand systems tract/HST), seasonally discharged nutrient- and sediment-laden river waters on the shelf may give rise to anoxia or dysoxia. Subsequent overfertilization of the shelf leads to accumulation of organic-rich mud belts on the shelf [VanderZwaan, G.J., Jorissen, F.J., 1991. Biofacial patterns in river-induced anoxia. In: Tyson, R.V., Pearson, T.H. (Eds.), Modern and Ancient Continental Shelf Anoxia. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 58, pp. 65–82.]. Thus, production and preservation of source-rock type facies landward of a shoreline (as peats and related sediments) is preferred in a TST, when accommodation space and nutrient supply are landward of the shoreline. Vice versa, production and preservation of such facies seaward of a shoreline (as organic-rich shelf muds) occurs preferentially in a highstand systems tract. In that situation, accommodation space is on the shelf, where river-fed nutrients are supplied as well. This hypothesis suggests further potential for application of sequence stratigraphic concepts for improved understanding of the occurrence of source-rock type facies.     

Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of a transfer zone coarse-grained delta, Miocene Suez Rift, Egypt

This study focuses on Miocene sedimentation and stratigraphic evolution in a major transfer zone at the northern tip of the Thal Fault segment, Gulf of Suez. The succession generally shoals upwards from offshore mudstone containing pro-delta turbidites, into conglomeratic delta foresets and topsets, with sandstone-dominated shoreface facies coexisting laterally. Despite this upward shoaling, key stratal surfaces marking abrupt changes in relative sea-level allow the succession to be divided into four stratal units. The stacking pattern of the stratal units suggests an initial relative sea-level rise that generated a major marine flooding surface. A relative sea-level fall followed, resulting in widespread exposure and incision. During the ensuing relative sea-level rise a lowstand coarse-grained delta and coeval shoreface succession prograded several kilometres basinward. The stratigraphic development of the transfer zone delta is in marked contrast to that of aggradationally stacked deltas that occur near the centre of the Baba-Sidri fault segment, further south. At the transfer zone, low rates of subsidence and accommodation development coupled with a high sediment supply derived from a large fault tip drainage catchment have produced a strongly progradational delta subject to marked changes in relative sea-level. In the fault centre location, however, higher rates of accommodation development coupled with lower rates of sediment supply from footwall catchments have produced aggradationally stacked deltas. The results from this study have implications for sequence stratigraphic models and hydrocarbon exploration within extensional basins.     

新疆塔里木盆地库车坳陷北缘白垩系储层沉积相研究

库车坳陷北缘白垩系储层主要分布在巴西盖组和巴什基奇克组。白垩纪时期,库车坳陷发育了不同类型的三角洲沉积体系,巴西盖期为湖泊三角洲沉积体系;巴什基奇克早期主要为扇三角洲沉积体系;巴什基奇克中晚期主要为湖泊-辫状三角洲沉积体系。垂向上,巴西盖组下部砂岩段总体表现为加积序列,上部泥岩段整体表现为向上砂质增多的进积序列;巴什基奇克组下部第Ⅲ岩性段表现为进积-加积演化序列特征;巴什基奇克组中上部Ⅱ-Ⅰ段总体上构成一个向上变粗的进积序列。平面上,从巴西盖期至巴什基奇克晚期,库车坳陷北缘沉积相总体上呈近东西向展布,南北相带变化明显的特点。在沉积相研究的基础上,结合构造活动和成岩作用分析认为,研究区内白垩系巴什基奇克组中上部辫状三角洲前缘砂体为优质储层,以克拉2井区最好,向西至克拉1井,向东至克拉3井储层均变差。