广西沿岸港湾口门潮流三角洲的地貌特征

论述了广西沿岸港湾口门潮流三角洲及其潮流三角洲上的边缘坝、拦门浅滩、潮流沙脊和潮流冲刷槽等次级地貌形态特征和展布规律,并讨论了潮流三角洲的形成过程。     

黄河农场地区地下水入海通量的数值分析

在系统地调查和分析了黄河三角洲地区自然地理、地质和水文地质条件的基础上，进行了不同的水文地质试验和地下水长期观测，并尝试建立黄河三角洲典型地段－黄河农场地区的水文地质数学模型，定量分析该地区地下水入海量的变化规律及不同因素的影响程度。研究结果表明，当地的气象因素和黄河、小岛河及海洋的水位都不同程度地影响地下水的入海量，而且黄河的水位变化和气象因素是影响黄河三角洲地区地下水入海量的主要因素。另外，黄河三角洲地区地下水的入海量比地表径流入海量小得多。     

黄海海底地貌分区及地貌类型

本文通过多年来大量的实际调查资料,将黄海划分成北黄海海湾潮流脊与岛礁、山东半岛沿岸水下堆积岸坡及水下阶地、南黄海西部弱堆积侵蚀平原、旧黄河-古长江三角洲堆积平原、海峡等七个地貌区,它们都各具特有的地貌类型。北黄海和南黄海原为两个大型的山间盆地,尔后由于海侵、被大量沉积物充填,成为今日连成一体的黄海浅海平原。     

南海海域大油气田与中国东南海区油气地质分析

本文以中国南海海域崖１３－１、流花１１－１和大熊油田等三大油气田的地质特征和油气模式为参照，分析了中国东南海域台西南盆地，台湾海峡盆地及毗邻地区的油气地质条件，指出与基底隆起有关的背斜构造、基底风化壳型油气藏、裂隙型油气藏和与裂谷地堑－半地堑构造有关的近源三角洲、缓翼斜坡带等是进一步开展油气勘查的目标和重点。     

Sedimentology of a debris‐rich,perhumid valley glacier margin in the Rakaia Valley,South Island,New Zealand

The sedimentology and stratigraphy of a multi‐phase glaciation sequence dating to Marine Isotope Stage 6 in the Rakaia Valley, South Island, New Zealand, is presented. This outcrop presents an example of the depositional signature of an end member of temperate valley glaciation, where voluminous sediment supply in a tectonically active setting combines with high annual temperatures and low seasonality to generate significant year‐round glacifluvial activity. Such glacial systems produce geological–climatic units that are dominated by thick sequences of aggradational gravels and proglacial lake sediments trapped behind outwash heads during deglaciation. At Bayfields Cliff, outwash sequences record an oscillating glacier margin marked by a sequence of glacier‐fed, Gilbert‐type deltas. The deltas are cut by numerous small‐scale, syndepositional, normal faults indicating both loss of glacier support and melt‐out of buried ice. A larger‐scale thrust fault system reflects late‐stage ice overrun. Braid plain gravels and chaotic disturbed glacial lake sediments are also recorded. A notable feature of these systems is the virtual absence of till in an environment with much other evidence for proximal ice. Cumulatively we regard these sediment–landform associations as diagnostic of debris‐laden, perhumid, temperate valley glacier systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

低可容空间浅水三角洲沉积层序及聚煤模式:以渤海湾地区下二叠统山西组为例*

为研究低可容空间浅水三角洲体系沉积层序及聚煤模式,以渤海湾地区下二叠统山西组为主要研究对象,开展层序地层研究,在层序地层格架内揭示低可容空间浅水三角洲体系聚煤模式。根据沉积相转换面以及下切谷冲刷面两类不整合面(SU)可将山西组划分为3个三级层序Sq1、Sq2及Sq3,每个三级层序代表 1期三角洲。通过最大洪泛面(MFS)与最大水退面(MRS)将每个三级层序划分为LST、TST及HST 3个体系域,代表 9个四级层序。根据岩性参数等值线绘制一系列特定于层序的沉积相图,在可容空间增长速率及泥炭堆积速率的控制下,三角洲平原泛滥平原及三角洲前缘泥炭沼泽为聚煤中心,位于冀中坳陷东部、黄骅坳陷中北部以及济阳坳陷部分地区。泛滥平原中形成的煤层厚度大,且聚煤中心具有随三角洲推进逐渐南移的趋势,三角洲前缘聚煤环境相对较差,形成的煤层厚度较薄,且易被分流河道砂体冲刷。渤海湾地区下二叠统浅水三角洲层序地层学及沉积学分析为聚煤模式提供了基础,该模式包括LST、TST早期、TST中期、TST晚期以及HST 5个时期的演化。煤层主要聚集在Sq1与Sq2的TST以及HST时期。这些成果对渤海湾地区煤炭资源勘探及提高钻探工程地质效果具有现实意义。     

Architecture and sedimentology of the Kerinitis Gilbert‐type fan delta,Corinth Rift,Greece

The Kerinitis Delta in the Corinth Rift, Greece, is a footwall derived, coarse‐grained, Gilbert‐type fan delta deposited in the hangingwall of a linked normal fault system. This giant Gilbert‐type delta (radius 3·8 km, thickness > 600 m) was supplied by an antecedent river and built into a brackish to marine basin. Although as yet poorly dated, correlation with neighbouring deltas suggests that the Kerinitis Delta was deposited during a period of 500 to 800 ka in the Early to early Middle Pleistocene. Facies characterizing a range of depositional processes are assigned to four facies associations (topset, foreset, bottomset and prodelta). The dominantly fluvial topset facies association has locally developed shallow marine (limestone) and fluvial‐shoreface sub‐associations. This delta represents a subsidence‐dominated system in which high fault displacement overwhelmed base‐level falls (creation of accommodation predominantly ≥ 0). Stratal geometries and facies stacking patterns were used to identify 11 key stratal surfaces separating 11 stratal units. Each key stratal surface records a landward shift in the topset breakpoint path, indicating a rapid increase in accommodation/sediment supply. Each stratal unit records a gradual decrease in accommodation/sediment supply during deposition. The cyclic stratal units and key stratal surfaces are interpreted as recording eustatic falls and rises, respectively. A 30 m thick package of foresets below the main delta records the nucleation of a small Proto‐delta probably on an early relay ramp. Based on changes in stratal unit geometries, the main delta is divided into three packages, interpreted as recording the initiation, growth and death of the controlling fault system. The Lower delta comprises stacked, relatively thin, progradational stratal units recording low displacement on the young fault system (relay ramp). The Middle delta comprises vertically stacked stratal units, each recording initial aggradation–progradation followed by progradation; their aggradational component increases up through the Middle delta, which records the main phase of increasing rate of fault displacement. The Upper delta records pure progradation, recording abrupt cessation of movement on the fault. A major erosion surface incising basinward 120 m through the Lower and Middle delta records an exceptional submarine erosion process (canyon or delta collapse).     

巴基斯坦N区块浪控三角洲沉积相划分及模式

浪控三角洲砂体是海陆交互带沉积有利的油气储层和勘探目标,目前业界对其微相划分、沉积机理和沉积模式研究较少.以巴基斯坦N区块为例,依据岩心、测井、地震及分析测试资料,开展受波浪改造作用的海相三角洲沉积相带划分、展布及沉积模式研究.结果表明:综合大量沉积相标志分析,研究区白垩系处于砂质高能海岸带,三角洲入海口受到强烈的波浪...     

辽河东部凹陷驾掌寺—小龙湾地区沙三段上亚段沉积古地理及聚煤作用分析

利用钻探、测井及地震资料对辽河盆地东部凹陷驾掌寺—小龙湾地区沙河街组三段上亚段进行了沉积环境和聚煤作用分析,编制了各种单因素图件及古地理图,识别出冲积扇、三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲以及滨浅湖等古地理单元。分析认为,研究区物源来自东侧东部斜坡带和西侧中央凸起,并在区内沉积中心—驾掌寺—小龙湾凹陷处汇集,在适宜的气候、缓和的构造背景、适中的沉降幅度、较少的碎屑输入条件下,有一定水体深度的三角洲平原分流间湾沼泽区是成煤的有利地带,巨厚煤层分布于小龙湾地区的小14井、小5井以及小31井一带。