贝叶斯估计在水深格网节点信息估算中的应用

离散数据格网化是目前表达高程和地形方法的前期工作和基础,而格网化的关键是如何利用节点周围的水深值序列推估格网节点水深值及其不确定度值。为解决这一问题,提出了基于贝叶斯估计理论的估计格网节点水深值及水深不确定度的方法,该方法具有独特的估计优势,可以很好的运用测量值和专家经验,得到可靠性较高的节点水深值和水深不确定度,对海底地形显示及数据质量估计具有一定的参考意义。     

基于格网化LIDAR点云数据坡度滤波方法的研究

LIDAR数据是目前生产DEM/DSM最为理想的数据源,利用机载激光雷达获取DEM/DSM数据是机载激光雷达最为直接的应用。本文提出了一种将LIDAR点云数据格网化与坡度滤波相结合的点云分类方法,该方法将数据格网化的概念用于LIDAR点云数据的预处理,避免了LIDAR点云数据内插或者平滑造成的信息损失,并且引入坡度突变对格网化处理后的LIDAR点云数据进行第二次地面点的选取,提高了LIDAR点云数据分类的效果。     

基于模糊综合评价的宁波暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划

基于自然灾害风险理论,综合考虑自然环境和社会经济状况以及暴雨洪涝灾害风险的危险性、敏感性、脆弱性和防灾减灾能力,利用模糊综合评价法、AHP熵权法、GIS空间分析技术和网格GIS技术,建立宁波市暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划模型,绘制宁波市暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划图。结果表明,宁波、北仑、宁海和象山城区以及鄞州中南部、余姚中部和北部具有更高的暴雨洪涝灾害风险;而慈溪北部、奉化西部、鄞州和北仑东部的暴雨洪涝灾害风险相对较低。灾级指数与暴雨洪涝风险指数的相关性较好,相关系数达到0.821 7,且通过了0.01显著性水平检验。     

地球化学等值线图生成方法研究及相关软件使用对比

通过对目前地球化学等值线图的计算机成图方法进行分析,以及主要使用的相关软件对比,指出目前计算机自动生成地球化学等值线图存在的缺点.针对计算机自动生成地球化学等值线图存在的线条不够圆滑的问题进行了研究,提出了进行等值线自动圆滑处理的算法及其解决方案.     

等值线绘图软件SURFER7.O中九种插值法介绍

SURFER软件是一个功能强大的绘制等值线图及三维立体图软件包，能迅速地将离散的测量数据通过插值转换为连续的数据曲面。SURFER7．0提供的内插方法多达九种，其中每一种内插方法都有其意义及相关的参数设置。作者在本文中主要介绍了该软件中的九种内插方法，并进行了应用示例。     

地质构造量化指标的网络化统计算法研究

评价指标的和量化获取是地质构造定量研究的基础性工作，探讨了断层构造定量评价指标的网格化剖分，地质信息的存储与提取，评价指标的统计算法。断层构造的主要量化指标包括新层要数，断层长度，断层密度，断层强度和分维值等。设计的统计算法，从搜索断层与网格ID之间的映射关系入手，统计层经过的各结点的指标值，仅对断层各结点邻近的网格ID进行搜索，减少了搜索点个数，提高了计算速度和准确度。     

Modelling metolachlor exports in subsurface drainage water from two structured soils under maize (eastern France)

The study investigated the processes involved in metolachlor transport in two artificially drained, structured soils in eastern France. Measured losses of bromide and metolachlor in drainage water were compared with results simulated by the mechanistic, stochastic AgriFlux model. Simulated drainage water volumes were generally similar to the measured volumes when the spatial variability of the soil water properties was taken into account. When such variability was disregarded, cumulative water volumes of the clay soil were over- or underestimated by more than 20%. Two types of adsorption were tested. For instantaneous, reversible adsorption, using the partition coefficient Koc, metolachlor losses were underestimated in the first drainage water volumes and overestimated for the total study period. The use of slow adsorption and desorption kinetics (ADK) produced an export pattern similar to the observed one. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the simulated results are very sensitive to the values of the ADK rates, especially for the silty loam soil. The effect of ADK on the attenuation of metolachlor exports was more significant than the effect of degradation (2.3 and 6.7 times higher for the clay and silty loam soils, respectively). For the same four-month period, the bromide and metolachlor losses (using ADK) in the clay soil were 2.1 and 1.3 times greater, respectively, if the macroporosity was set at 10% than if it was not simulated. Conversely, macroporosity did not significantly affect these losses in the silty loam. The main factors involved in the metolachlor transport in the studied soils were: (i) the macroporosity, especially in the clay soil because of the low hydraulic conductivity of the matrix and (ii) the sorption kinetics rates which varied according to the soil physico-chemical characteristics.     

Challenges in reservoir forecasting

The combination of geostatistics-based numerical geological models and finite difference flow simulation has improved our ability to predict reservoir performance. The main contribution of geostatistical modeling has been more realistic representations of reservoir heterogeneity. Our understanding of the physics of fluid flow in porous media is reasonably captured by flow simulators in common usage. Notwithstanding the increasing application and success of geostatistics and flow simulation there remain many important challenges in reservoir forecasting. This application has alerted geoscientists and physicists that geostatistical/flow models in many respects, are, engineering approximations to thereal spatial distribution andreal flow processes. This paper reviews current research directions and presents some new ideas of where reserach could be focused to improve our ability to model geological features, model flow processes, and, ultimately, improve reservoir performance predictions.     

GIS中数字化仪采集数据的处理及其应用

本文介绍在地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）中数字化仪采集数据的处理方法及其应用效果。