测氡在滑坡研究中的应用

测氡是一种放射性地球物理方法,利用滑坡体与其周边岩土体的结构差异,应用测氡可对滑坡进行勘探,对滑坡的结构特征进行研究,达到节约投资,缩短勘探时间的目的,并可与地质分析相互验证,为工程应用提供依据。     

山西高平地震

阐述了发生在山西高平的地震和对高平有影响的地震，分析了高平市的地震灾害，通过分析得出高平地震与晋获断裂带活动有关的结论。     

论构造耦合作用

构造耦合作用是一种普遍存在的地质现象。现今东、西太平洋的构造差异及古太平洋和现今太平洋大陆边缘构造差异与俯冲的洋壳板块性状有关,即:①俯冲角度;②俯冲角度的改变;③俯冲速率;④俯冲速率的改变;⑤俯冲深度;⑥俯冲板块前缘与海沟间的水平距离;⑦俯冲板块在670km上、下地幔界线处的构造形态;⑧俯冲板块的位移及位移方向。这种深部构造活动对浅部构造形成的制约和影响,是活动大陆边缘构造耦合现象的具体表现。中国西北部的盆山耦合现象是大陆内部的构造耦合作用,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞产生的远距离效应,导致中亚地区产生陆内A型俯冲,A型俯冲是造成盆地消亡、山系形成的重要因素。     

Quantifying Storm Tide Risk in Cairns

The United Nations International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)gave rise to an increasing level of attention to the risks posed by a range of naturalhazards and the development of strategies by which to reduce those risks. It waswidely recognised that in order to evaluate risk treatment strategies it was necessaryto `measure' the level of risk that already existed and the level of risk that would beencountered with the treatment strategy(s) in place.This paper outlines the methodology developed under the AGSO (now GeoscienceAustralia) Cities Project to quantify the risk associated with storm tide inundation. It includes the methodology for `measuring' the level of community exposure to storm tide hazards and the methodology for `measuring' community vulnerability. The Far North Queensland city of Cairns is used as the case study to demonstrate the application of these methods.     

Community Vulnerability to Tropical Cyclones: Cairns, 1996–2000

This paper is a partial discussion of a four-year study that investigated the vulnerability of the people living in the Cairns region to the tropical cyclone hazard. The longitudinal case study, focussing on the Cairns Northern Beaches area, was unique in that it included a social and societal `pre-cyclone impact' evaluation of various resident communities within the region, and then two consecutive `post-cyclone impact' studies. The primary research method supported an inductive qualitative approach to the collection and analysis of survey data. Some quantitative methods were invoked to support qualitative research findings. Survey data was collected in five separate questionnaire-based social surveys that were administered between 1996 and 2000. During the study, residents experiencedthe direct impact of two land-falling tropical cyclones. In addition to this, targeted andfocussed tropical cyclone awareness education was made increasingly available withinthe community. The social and demographic attributes that influence the individual'sperception of risk and contribute to our understanding of community vulnerability were examined and evaluated. Changes in the residents' attitudes, cyclone preparednessbehaviours and willingness to respond to cyclone warnings were monitored and measured. Analysis of early survey data indicated that community residents generally had some knowledge of cyclones but a limited understanding of cyclone processes and very little direct personal experience of the cyclone hazard. Individually and collectively, residents frequently demonstrated a biased perception of the risks associated with cyclones. The resident community was shown to be fragmented, with limited support being available to individual households. Initially, residents were found to be poorly prepared for cyclones and unlikely to respond to warnings appropriately. It appeared that, in the event of a land-falling tropical cyclone impacting the area, the community was highly vulnerable to unnecessary loss of property, livelihood and – in extreme circumstances – life. By 2000, Cairns community residents were somewhat better informed about cyclones and certainly more experienced. This paper provides some insight into how cyclone experience and education may synergisticly have contributed to a change in risk perceptions and a reduction in the vulnerability of Cairns residents to the tropical cyclone and storm surge hazards.     

昆明经济技术开发区场地地震易损性分析

通过对昆明经济技术开发区的地质构造，场地工程地质环境，砂土液化判别以震害预测的综合研究，进行了区内的场地地震易损性分析。根据计算出的地震易损性指数，结果表明，可将研究区划分为两个震害程度不同的区域。     

乌鲁木齐——库尔勒地震转换波测深

利用天然地震转换波研究了天山地区乌鲁木齐－－库尔勒剖面的深部构造特征。地壳中存在５个国煌速度界面，并被数条断裂切割，相应地分为５个构造单元；天山中部的界面均有没和蔼的抬升，在地壳中形成逆部断裂，而地的厚度小于南北两则地区，表明地幔的物质 隆起，有可能造成地壳平均密度增加；天山南缘的和静、巴伦台一带断裂错综复杂，界面严重变形，是未来构造活动比较强烈的地区。     

豫西金银多金属矿床成矿系列及其共生组合规律

豫西地区金银铅多金属矿床成矿系列，包括石英脉型、构造蚀变岩型、爆破角砾岩型、层间破碎岩型、矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿床。成矿系列各类型金银铅多金属矿床为同源、同期、不同阶段、不同成矿空间的矿床产出组合。并从成矿时间、空间、产出型式和成因上论述了其成矿的共生性、分带性、过渡性、互补性、连续性和重叠性等共生组合规律，举出实例阐明研究金银铅多金属矿床成矿系列的找矿意义。     

锦屏Ⅰ级水电站坝区岩体结构面特征研究

本文根据锦屏Ⅰ级水电站坝区体结构面野外调资料，对坝区结构面优势方位、间距、张开度、连通率、隙间充填物及形态特征进行了分析，为坝区岩体分类及其物理力学参数的确定提供了重要依据。     

Prediction of volumes and risk in hydrocarbon exploration: a quantification of geology

 The prediction of the hydrocarbon potential of a specific trap or of a number of specific traps (venture), referred to herein as prospect appraisal, concerns a probabilistic exercise based on the quantification of geology in terms of structural closure, reservoir quality, hydrocarbon charge, and the retention potential of the seal. Its objectives include: (a) prediction of the hydrocarbon volumes that could be present in the trap from an analysis of its geologic attributes; (b) the amount of uncertainty introduced in the volumetric prediction by the uncertainties in the subsurface geology; (c) the risk that one or more of the essential attributes of the prospect are underdeveloped and recoverable reserves are absent. The uncertainty of the geologic input requires a probabilistic approach, for which the Monte Carlo procedure is well suited. Prospect appraisal forms the basis for decision-making in oil exploration and development and, therefore, should be reliable, consistent, and auditable. This requires the use of a consistent methodology, the development of reliable models to quantify the geologic processes involved, and the collection of comprehensive and relational databases for the many geologic variables. As a result of data availability, uncertainty and risk tend to increase strongly from mature, producing basins to areas of frontier exploration. This may complicate management of exploration portfolios. Received: 1 July 1996/Accepted: 25 November 1996