用碳纤维布改善混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗震性能的试验研究

通过4片碳纤维布加固混凝土小型空心砌块墙体在周期反复荷载作用下受力性能的试验，研究了用粘贴碳纤维布来增强混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗震能力这种加固方法的有效性。本文研究了碳纤维布加固混凝土小型空心砌块墙体的受力特性，分析了碳纤维布不同用量对混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗震加固效果的影响。在此基础上，本文提出了碳纤维布加固混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗剪承载力的简化计算方法，可供实际抗震加固工程设计参考。     

Base isolation for near‐fault motions

Three analytical studies of base‐isolated structures are carried out. First, six pairs of near‐fault motions oriented in directions parallel and normal to the fault were considered, and the average of the response spectra of these earthquake records was obtained. This study shows that in addition to pulse‐type displacements, these motions contain significant energy at high frequencies and that the real and pseudo‐velocity spectra are quite different. The second analysis modelled the response of a model of an isolated structure with a flexible superstructure to study the effect of isolation damping on the performance of different isolation systems under near‐fault motion. The results show that there exists a value of isolation system damping for which the superstructure acceleration for a given structural system attains a minimum value under near‐fault motion. Therefore, although increasing the bearing damping beyond a certain value may decrease the bearing displacement, it may transmit higher accelerations into the superstructure. Finally, the behaviour of four isolation systems subjected to the normal component of each of the near‐fault motions were studied, showing that EDF type isolation systems may be the optimum choice for the design of isolated structures in near‐fault locations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Post‐earthquake functionality of highway overpass bridges

Bridges are crucial to the transportation network in a region struck by an earthquake. Collapse of a bridge determines if a road is passable. Ability of a bridge to carry traffic load after an earthquake determines the weight and speed of vehicles that can cross it. Extent of system and component structural damage in bridges determines the cost and time required for repair. Today, post‐earthquake bridge evaluation is qualitative rather than quantitative. The research presented in this paper aims to provide a quantitative engineering basis for quick and reliable evaluation of the ability of a typical highway overpass bridge to function after an earthquake. The Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center's probabilistic performance‐based evaluation approach provides the framework for post‐earthquake bridge evaluation. An analytical study was performed that linked engineering demand parameters to earthquake intensity measures. The PEER structural performance database and reliability analysis tools were then used to link demand parameters to damage measures. Finally, decision variables were developed to describe three limit states, repair cost, traffic function, and collapse, in terms of induced damage. This paper presents the analytical models used to evaluate post‐earthquake bridge function, decision variables and their correlation to the considered limit states, and fragility curves that represent the probability of exceeding a bridge function limit state given an earthquake intensity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identification of critical ground motions for seismic performance assessment of structures

A method is established to identify critical earthquake ground motions that are to be used in physical testing or subsequent advanced computational studies to enable seismic performance to be assessed. The ground motion identification procedure consists of: choosing a suitable suite of ground motions and an appropriate intensity measure; selecting a computational tool and modelling the structure accordingly; performing Incremental Dynamic Analysis on a non‐linear model of the structure; interpreting these results into 50th (median) and 90th percentile performance bounds; and identifying the critical ground motions that are close to these defining probabilistic curves at ground motion intensities corresponding to the design basis earthquake and the maximum considered earthquake. An illustrative example of the procedure is given for a reinforced concrete highway bridge pier designed to New Zealand specifications. Pseudodynamic tests and finite element based time history analyses are performed on the pier using three earthquake ground motions identified as: (i) a Design Basis Earthquake (10% probability in 50 years) with 90 percent confidence of non‐exceedance; (ii) a Maximum Considered Event (2% probability in 50 years) representing a median response; and (iii) a Maximum Considered Event representing 90 percent confidence of non‐exceedance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mapping river bathymetries: Evaluating topobathymetric LiDAR survey

Advances in topobathymetric LiDARs could enable rapid surveys at sub-meter resolution over entire stream networks. This is the first step to improving our knowledge of riverine systems, both their morphology and role in ecosystems. The Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR B (EAARL-B) system is one such topobathymetric sensor, capable of mapping both terrestrial and aquatic systems. Whereas the original EAARL was developed to survey littoral areas, the new version, EAARL-B, was also designed for riverine systems but has yet to be tested. Thus, we evaluated the ability of EAARL-B to map bathymetry and floodplain topography at sub-meter resolution in a mid-size gravel-bed river. We coupled the EAARL-B survey with highly accurate field surveys (0.03 m vertical accuracy and approximately 0.6 by 0.6 m resolution) of three morphologically distinct reaches, approximately 200 m long 15 m wide, of the Lemhi River (Idaho, USA). Both point-to-point and raster-to-raster comparisons between ground and EAARL-B surveyed elevations show that differences (ground minus EAARL-B surveyed elevations) over the entire submerged topography are small (root mean square error, RMSE, and median absolute error, M, of 0.11 m), and large differences (RMSE, between 0.15 and 0.38 m and similar M) are mainly present in areas with abrupt elevation changes and covered by dense overhanging vegetation. RMSEs are as low as 0.03 m over paved smooth surfaces, 0.07 m in submerged, gradually varying topography, and as large as 0.24 m along banks with and without dense, tall vegetation. EAARL-B performance is chiefly limited by point density in areas with strong elevation gradients and by LiDAR footprint size (0.2 m) in areas with topographic features of similar size as the LiDAR footprint. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大地电场岩体裂隙模型的应用基础与震例解析

应用大地电场岩体裂隙模型,对中国大陆主要块体内电磁环境、装置系统较好的40个台站进行分析,发现80%场地岩体裂隙结构处于发育阶段、15%场地裂隙处于排列有序的长大阶段、5%场地岩体较破碎,这些不同阶段的岩体裂隙结构对应着不同的大地电场幅度、方向变化特征.通过对2013年至2018年3月中国大陆6次典型震例解析,发现在强震震中200 km范围内,岩体裂隙处于长大或发育好的场地较集中,而且这些场地在强震前更容易发生岩体剪裂、裂隙优势方位偏转和大幅度突跳等结构变异,200 km外场地裂隙优势方位多发生突跳现象.总体上,这些现象还具有时间准同步性、场地选择性特点.

     

最小剪力系数及其调整方法对超高层建筑地震响应的影响

超高层结构地震剪力响应由振型分解反应谱法得到的结果经常不能满足规定的最小剪力系数要求。为此,文章简述剪力系数的概念和调整方法,以具有不同剪力系数的两个模型对比分析结构弹性、弹塑性地震响应差异,探讨剪力系数对超高层结构地震响应的影响。以通过强度和刚度调整使最小剪力系数满足规范要求的两个模型,分析不同调整方法引起的结构响应的合理性。结果表明:满足最小剪力系数的结构的弹性基底剪力大、层间位移角较小,结构的弹塑性位移响应也较小,受力状态优于不满足最小剪力系数的结构,安全性得到了提高。结构弹性倾覆力矩需求和弹塑性基底剪力按刚度调整大于按强度调整;结构弹塑性最大顶点位移和层间位移角响应相差不大,但出现刚度大\,层间位移角也大的与抗震理论相悖的情况;在满足抗震要求的情况下,构件的受力状态则是按强度调整更优,构件截面更加经济合理。     

基于典型工程实例对剪力墙抗震性能动力时程分析的提高研究

为提升剪力墙抗震性能分析精度,以某高层建筑工程楼体剪力墙为背景,将静力弹塑性分析方法与能量等效准则相结合,确定房屋剪力墙结构沿2个主轴方向的三线性恢复力参数,通过参数构建房屋剪力墙相近层模型。使用三维有限元模型模拟房屋剪力墙工程楼体,并采用相近层模型模拟该楼体三维有限元模型抗震性能的动力时程。结果表明,随着地震水平和楼层的增加,房屋剪力墙层间侧移角包络值和顶点侧移角包络值都在明显增加。设置黏滞流体阻尼器可改善房屋剪力墙受两种地震波的作用,在Ⅸ度罕见地震作用下,房屋剪力墙结构的X向减震效果比Y向好,房屋剪力墙X向和Y向层间位移角的最大减震率分别约为38%与18%。     

基于BIM的建筑砌体结构抗震性能评估方法研究

建筑砌体结构抗震性能评估,对建筑结构安全的稳定性至关重要。本文从四个方面分析建筑砌体结构抗震性能提升的条件,根据建筑结构的抗震性影响因素,评估抗震能力。构建建筑砌体结构抗震性能的评估BIM指标体系;利用BIM模型中的三角模糊数,定量计算建筑砌体结构抗震性能指标的模糊判断矩阵,得到建筑砌体结构的三角模糊数值,分析筑砌体结构抗震性能指标的单排序情况,结合对建筑砌体结构抗震性能评估体系指标权重系数和单项得分的计算,实现基于BIM的建筑砌体结构抗震性能评估。结合模拟建筑实例分析,利用建筑结构倒塌概率测试建筑砌体结构的抗震性能,并利用评估结果与实际评估结果的拟合度测试提出方法的准确性。实例结果证明,能够准确的得到抗震性能的评估结果。