A decision support system for floating platform design

This paper describes a methodology developed for the preliminary design of floating production platforms. The preliminary design approach interlinks the mathematical design model with global optimization techniques. To illustrate the design procedure, the initial intermediate and final results are presented. They provide a clear understanding of the mathematical model and the decision support system. The preliminary design approach described here is based on the commercial software which is interfaced to what is called the FPS system and linked to a SEARCH package for design solutions. The paper summarizes the preliminary design approach, the mathematical model optimization and presents semisubmersible and TLP platform examples.     

波-流联合作用场中流的等效作用研究

针对波-流相互作用问题中的流速沿水深非线性分布的水流处理方法问题,提出了“等效均匀流”概念和相应理论,使非线性分布的水流作用等效为相应的均匀流作用,从而使问题大大简化.无论是二维顺、逆流问题还是三维波一流斜交折射问题,非均匀流都可以基于本文方法和理论予以近似处理,以采用等效均匀流概念计算的小尺度垂直桩桩的波一流联合作用力计算为例,对该理论和方法的应用作了初步的探讨和验证.     

基于人为干扰度的南流江三角洲湿地资源时空变化及其驱动因素研究

湿地资源在维护滨海生态系统平衡中发挥重要作用。文章基于多源遥感影像,利用人为干扰度指数和“3S”技术等方法研究南流江三角洲湿地资源时空分布特征及驱动因素。结果表明：（1）2005—2019年,湿地总面积整体呈现增长的趋势,湿地总面积由2005年的77.33 km2增加到2019年的87.55 km2;（2）湿地变化速率最快的类型为滨海湿地,年变化率为 36.31%,其次为鱼塘池塘和水稻田,年变化率分别为3.40%和3.31%;（3）湿地的面积受河流水沙变化与管理政策的变化的影响较大;（4）人类对三角洲地区沿海湿地的干扰程度逐年增强,并逐渐向沿海地区发展。本研究对南流江湿地资源的保护与可持续利用有重要作用。     

南贝尔凹陷油气成藏条件与富集规律

南贝尔凹陷位于蒙古国塔木察格盆地,为中生代断陷盆地内小断陷.该凹陷具有断陷结构简单、多凸多凹、凹隆相间的构造格局,形成了多物源、多沉积中心的特点.铜钵庙组三角洲前缘砂体、南屯组(扇)三角洲前缘砂体和水下扇砂体为油气聚集成藏提供了良好的储集空间.在东次凹北洼槽南一段Ⅱ油组构造和沉积匹配较好的区域形成构造和岩性控制的岩性一...     

北山—阿拉善地区白垩纪、侏罗纪盆地叠合特征

研究区发育侏罗纪盆地和白垩纪盆地,侏罗纪盆地受近东西向断裂的控制,为东西向展布的断陷湖盆。白垩纪盆地受北东向断裂的控制,为北东向展布的断陷湖盆,经历早白垩世的伸展断陷及其以后的后期改造阶段。两大世代的盆地在空间上存在翘倾叠合、叠合保存、部分叠合改造等三种方式。盆地的叠合保存对侏罗系烃源岩的油气形成最为有利。     

滇中小江走滑剪切带晚新生代挤压变形研究

对滇中小江走滑剪切带中的挤压变形作用进行研究发现,尽管这些变形多发生于中元古界昆阳群浅变质岩中,其形成时代却可能是第三纪末和第四纪初,和小江断裂带的走滑运动有成因关系,并导致了走滑位移量的衰减。昆阳群的隆起可能主要是第四纪变形的结果。     

大别造山带现今地壳结构-岩石组成研究

通过大别造山带岩石地震波速的高温高压实验测定值与地震测深断面观察值的对比，结合地表出露岩石对深部岩石组成的地球化学示踪，揭示了该造山带现今地壳各结构层的基本岩石组成：上地壳主要由长英质岩石组成，榴辉岩在其中仅占0～20％；中地壳(低速层)主体由长英质片麻岩和花岗岩组成；下地壳上部由80％镁铁质麻粒岩和20％长英质麻粒岩组成；下地壳下部由幔源底侵岩浆作用形成的镁铁质麻粒岩组成。下地壳和上地幔的泊松比为0.265～0．280，明显高于榴辉岩的泊松比，表明其中即使有榴辉岩存在，含量也应极少。各构造单元出露的白垩纪花岗岩具有相似的化学组成，其铅、钕与锶同位素组成均可与北大别的核杂岩相对比，表明花岗岩浆均应以深部核杂岩为源岩。因此，被白垩纪花岗岩侵入的南大别超高压变质岩单元和宿松高压变质岩单元深部均应由核杂岩组成，亦即超高压和高压变质岩应呈拆离的构造岩片覆盖于核杂岩之上。鉴于白垩纪花岗岩的钕模式年龄(tDM)均集中于古元古代(1．8～2．2Ga)，表明花岗岩的源区应限于核杂岩中构成原中地壳下部的古元古代结晶基底岩层。这为中地壳主要由长英质片麻岩组成提供了佐证。考虑到大量花岗岩浆的抽出，应留下更大体积的镁铁质岩残留体，后者在地壳流变增厚调整过程中可能因密度增大而下沉，也可能因地震波速增大而显示下地壳的特征，更可能由于这两方面的原因而使由镁铁质残留体组成的原中地壳下部转变成现今下地壳上部的组成。根据大别碰撞后基性火山岩和侵入岩的地球化学研究，还可证明组成大别下地壳的镁铁质岩更可能是1.1Ga前而非中生代形成的底侵岩层。实践表明，上述两方面研究的结合可较好揭示区域地壳结构一组成。     

Structural control and hydrothermal alteration at the BIF-hosted Raposos lode-gold deposit, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil

In the Raposos orogenic gold deposit, hosted by banded iron-formation (BIF) of the Archean Rio das Velhas greenstone belt, the hanging wall rocks to BIF are hydrothermally-altered ultramafic schists, whereas metamafic rocks and their hydrothermal schistose products represent the footwall. Planar and linear structures at the Raposos deposit define three ductile to brittle deformational events (D₁, D₂ and D₃). A fourth group of structures involve spaced cleavages that are considered to be a brittle phase of D₃. The orebodies constitute sulfide-bearing D₁-related shear zones of BIF in association with quartz veins, and result from the sulfidation of magnetite and/or siderite. Pyrrhotite is the main sulfide mineral, followed by lesser arsenopyrite and pyrite. At level 28, the hydrothermal alteration of the mafic and ultramafic wall rocks enveloping BIF define a gross zonal pattern surrounding the ore zones. Metabasalt comprises albite, epidote, actinolite and lesser Mg/Fe–chlorite, calcite and quartz. The incipient stage includes the chlorite and chlorite-muscovite alteration zone. The least-altered ultramafic schist contains Cr-bearing Mg-chlorite, actinolite and talc, with subordinate calcite. The incipient alteration stage is subdivided into the talc–chlorite and chlorite–carbonate zone. For both mafic and ultramafic wall rocks, the carbonate–albite and carbonate–muscovite zones represent the advanced alteration stage.Rare earth and trace element analyses of metabasalt and its alteration products suggest a tholeiitic protolith for this wall rock. In the case of the ultramafic schists, the precursor may have been peridotitic komatiite. The Eu anomaly of the Raposos BIF suggests that it was formed proximal to an exhalative hydrothermal source on the ocean floor. The ore fluid composition is inferred by hydrothermal alteration reactions, indicating it to having been H₂O-rich containing CO₂ + Na⁺ and S. Since the distal alteration halos are dominated by hydrated silicate phases (mainly chlorite), with minor carbonates, fixation of H₂O is indicated. The CO₂ is consumed to form carbonates in the intermediate alteration stage, in halos around the chlorite-dominated zones. These characteristics suggest variations in the H₂O to CO₂-ratio of the sulfur-bearing, aqueous-carbonic ore fluid, which interacted at varying fluid to rock ratios with progression of the hydrothermal alteration.     

某电厂水库岸边取水工程施工实践

为满足某电厂供水需求,需在某水库进行岸边取水工程（含取水竖井、引水隧道、引水明渠3部分）施工。通过短段掘砌逆作工艺,井筒壁溶洞导水并将导出的水作为水源的一部分,实现了井筒干封底,顺利完成井筒施工;采用顶管技术＋管顶注浆技术在破碎岩体、涌水量较大地层成功完成引水隧道施工;通过岩塞爆破成功实现引水隧道和水库的连接;通过船载冲击成槽技术,实现了引水明渠的施工。     

南海北部深水区新生代盆地三层结构及其构造演化

位于陆壳与洋壳之上的大陆边缘记录了大陆裂解-大洋打开的全部过程,是研究地球动力学的重要场所.南海北部深水区盆地位于南海北部大陆边缘,新生代盆地表现为裂陷期盆地、裂后拗陷期盆地及裂后洋盆沉降期盆地3层结构.裂陷期盆地表现为一系列地堑及半地堑结构,拗陷盆地表现为中间厚两侧薄的“碟形”盆地特征,裂后拗陷期盆地表现为大陆坡局部加厚,向南海洋盆方向厚度逐渐减薄的“挠曲”盆地形态.南海北部深水区盆地经历了3期构造演化过程,盆地表现出不同的动力学机制.裂陷期盆地受地幔物质上涌影响表现为水平伸展作用为主,盆地内普遍发育伸展构造样式,裂后拗陷期盆地表现为区域均匀沉降特征.而裂后洋盆沉积期受南海强烈沉降作用的影响表现出明显的向南海洋盆倾斜特征.大陆架-陆坡-深海平原的构造格局主要形成于裂后洋盆沉降期.南海及其北部盆地下伏地幔物质活动的差异性决定了盆地内的3层结构的形成演化过程.