区域生态环境脆弱性评价——以西藏"一江两河"地区为例

区域生态环境脆弱性评价是当前人类日益关心的问题之一。以西藏“一江两河”地区为例探讨区域生态环境脆弱性评价的方法和指标体系,建立了基于逆向指标测度的评价模型;同时选取1990年和2004年两个时段的数据进行分形,通过比较两个年份脆弱性评价结果可以看出自1990年“一江两河”开发区建立以来,随着区域经济活动的日益加强,区域生态环境脆弱性不断加剧,经济发展对环境的压力不断加大,区域未来持续发展受到威胁;从影响区域生态环境脆弱性因子看,1990年主要是自然因子,2004年人为因子占比重加大;从县域生态环境脆弱类型来看,自1990年以来“一江两河”地区高脆弱型县由4个增加到10个,县域经济发展越迅速,生态环境脆弱性变化越快,经济发展对区域生态环境脆弱性的影响显著。     

新乡-商丘断裂延津至封丘段新构造期构造样式分析

新乡-商丘断裂是南华北盆地与渤海湾盆地、鲁西隆起的分界断裂,是一条长期活动的区域性深大断裂。浅层地震勘探与跨断层钻孔联合剖面探测工作已证实该断裂延津至封丘段的最新活动时代为晚更新世,本文通过对典型地震勘探剖面和钻探资料综合分析认为：新乡-商丘断裂延津至封丘段断裂结构复杂,新近纪以来构造样式在不同构造部位有显著差异。延津段在地震勘探剖面上浅部显示为负花状构造;封丘段变化较大,东部在剖面上为多组阶状正断层组合,形成了由断层带控制的构造背斜,平面上表现为NW向排列、走向NNE雁列状断层组合;西部结构单一,自东向西断裂控制的浅部地层变形范围增大,断层带逐步变宽。根据新乡-商丘断裂延津至封丘段剖面上的构造样式与平面上的组合模式,表明该段断裂最新活动具有走滑运动性质。     

软弱地层综合管廊三维非线性地震反应特性研究

软弱地层综合管廊在强震作用下易发生破坏。考虑土体非线性及水的影响,以苏通GIL综合管廊工程为依托,采用三维线性梁单元模拟螺栓与钢筋,对地震动进行幅值标定,建立三维精细化有限元模型,并根据不同地震动输入方式及强度,从衬砌应力分布、张开量及结构损伤角度分析综合管廊非线性地震反应特性。研究结果表明,45°共轭方向与拱腰位置处管廊受力较大,横向、纵向地震动作用下,随着地震动强度的增加,应力增加明显;横向地震动输入对管廊环间张开量的影响较小,当地震动达到峰值附近时,张开量增长明显,并在一定范围内波动;横向地震动对管廊结构损伤的影响较大,峰值加速度达0.3 g时,管廊内部结构在两端连接处及中间支撑处连接点出现拉压变形。     

Hybrid three-dimensional finite-difference and finite-element analysis of seismic wave induced fluid–structure interaction of a vertical cylinder

The two-dimensional finite-difference scheme has been extended to three dimensions to solve nonlinear hydrodynamic pressures and structural responses of a deformable, vertical and circular surface-piercing offshore cylinder during earthquakes. A complete three-dimensional analysis has been made with both the three-dimensional equations of motion and the simultaneous action of three components of ground acceleration included in the analysis. Not only the magnitude but also the direction of the acting ground motion can be varied with time. The dynamic response of a cylinder is approximated by the displacements in the fundamental modes of vibration. A comparison of the dynamic displacement of the cylinder with and without surrounding sea water has been made. The flexibility of the offshore cylinder can significantly increase the hydrodynamic pressures acting on cylinder faces, that is, the fluid-structure interaction is necessary in offshore cylinder analysis. Although the hydrodynamic pressure induced by the vertical ground acceleration of the El Centro 1979 earthquake is significant, the calculated structural dynamic response of a cylinder is very small and the corresponding resultant hydrodynamic force is almost nil. The hydrodynamic force induced by two-horizontal ground acceleration is about the same as that by three simultaneous components of ground acceleration. For a solid and stubbier circular cylinder, the vertical component of ground acceleration may be neglected.     

论江西德兴金山金矿区热液活动和构造演化的耦合成矿机制

依据矿矿区中国岩及矿石特征、蚀变矿物组合和矿物包裹体测试资料,建立起热液成矿的化学反应放区的构造演化次序,阐述了热液活动和构造演化的耦合成矿机制。     

秦岭商丹糜棱岩带构造变形环境的显微构造标志

商丹糜棱岩带不同区段石英和长石的显微构造及石英组构特征表明,商丹糜棱岩带自西向东构造变形环境显示从低绿片岩相至中- 高绿片岩相至高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相的变化规律。低绿片岩相变形环境下,石英多为Ⅰ型条带,长石主要显示脆性破裂特征,石英c 轴组构呈单一环带型式。中- 高绿片岩相变形环境下,石英主要为Ⅱ型石英多晶条带,斜长石主要处于脆性碎裂流动状态,钾长石开始向韧性转化,石英c 轴组构呈绕y 轴分布的点极密型式。高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相变形环境下,石英普遍呈现光性均匀并有120°三连点的动态重结晶和Ⅳ型条带,斜长石开始显示脆- 韧性过渡状态的变形特点,钾长石显示明显的韧性变形特点,石英c 轴组构呈Ⅰ型交叉环带型式     

Buckling and postbuckling of composite ship panels stiffened with preform frames

The U.S. shipbuilding industry recently has started incorporating composite materials in the construction of both military and commercial ships due to the advantages of composite construction. These advantages include the reduction in total life costs, corrosion resistance, high strength- and stiffness-to-weight ratios, and improved stealth for military applications. One disadvantage is the higher costs of composites compared to steel and other conventional materials. Therefore, new higher quality materials with lower costs and new fabrication methods need to be developed before composite materials will be fully accepted for the construction of large ships. A new composite preform framing technology shows promise in the reduction of fabrication costs for large ship construction. There already has been significant cost savings using this framing technology in the construction of small recreational boats and large yachts. This framing technology involves casting a dry glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GRP) fabric into shape in a closed mold with a foam core. One unresolved issue using this framing technology is the orientation of the fiber for the frames. This paper summarizes experimental results of the testing of composite panels stiffened with preform frames under in-plane uniaxial compressive loads. Biaxial (0,90), quadaxial (0,90,+45,−45), and triaxial (+45,−45,0) laminates were used in the frames.     

A decision support system for floating platform design

This paper describes a methodology developed for the preliminary design of floating production platforms. The preliminary design approach interlinks the mathematical design model with global optimization techniques. To illustrate the design procedure, the initial intermediate and final results are presented. They provide a clear understanding of the mathematical model and the decision support system. The preliminary design approach described here is based on the commercial software which is interfaced to what is called the FPS system and linked to a SEARCH package for design solutions. The paper summarizes the preliminary design approach, the mathematical model optimization and presents semisubmersible and TLP platform examples.     

波-流联合作用场中流的等效作用研究

针对波-流相互作用问题中的流速沿水深非线性分布的水流处理方法问题,提出了“等效均匀流”概念和相应理论,使非线性分布的水流作用等效为相应的均匀流作用,从而使问题大大简化.无论是二维顺、逆流问题还是三维波一流斜交折射问题,非均匀流都可以基于本文方法和理论予以近似处理,以采用等效均匀流概念计算的小尺度垂直桩桩的波一流联合作用力计算为例,对该理论和方法的应用作了初步的探讨和验证.     

基于人为干扰度的南流江三角洲湿地资源时空变化及其驱动因素研究

湿地资源在维护滨海生态系统平衡中发挥重要作用。文章基于多源遥感影像,利用人为干扰度指数和“3S”技术等方法研究南流江三角洲湿地资源时空分布特征及驱动因素。结果表明：（1）2005—2019年,湿地总面积整体呈现增长的趋势,湿地总面积由2005年的77.33 km2增加到2019年的87.55 km2;（2）湿地变化速率最快的类型为滨海湿地,年变化率为 36.31%,其次为鱼塘池塘和水稻田,年变化率分别为3.40%和3.31%;（3）湿地的面积受河流水沙变化与管理政策的变化的影响较大;（4）人类对三角洲地区沿海湿地的干扰程度逐年增强,并逐渐向沿海地区发展。本研究对南流江湿地资源的保护与可持续利用有重要作用。