Analysis of damage data of low-rise buildings subjected to a shallow Mw6.3 earthquake

In May 2008 a shallow M_w6.3 earthquake struck South Iceland with an epicentre close to two small towns. Nearly 5000 low-rise residential buildings were affected. The recorded maximum PGA was 0.88 g. A great deal of damage occurred, but there was no loss of life. In Iceland all buildings are registered in a detailed official database and insurance against natural disasters is obligatory. As the repair costs for every affected building had to be assessed for insurance purposes this provided an unusual opportunity to review structural performance across the whole population of buildings in the affected area. The estimated repair cost was classified in a number of subcategories covering structural and non-structural damage for five different residential building typologies. Study of these buildings showed that non-structural damage dominated the overall damage. The main monetary damage was cosmetic damage of partition walls and flooring. The structural systems performed quite well and no buildings collapsed.     

交互式智能型地层倾角测井精细构造解释技术

交互式智能型精细构造解释系统利用工作越丰富的图形及交互功能，采用交互式模式识别及矢量滤波准确确定组合矢量模式，提取构造信息，计算构造解释参数；根据专家经验、地区知识和倾角模式理论所建立的知识库进行的交互式精细构造解释和分析解决了倾角测井构造解释的多解性问题，保证倾角解释的正确性；最终可绘制出井周各方位的构造剖面图和构造等值线图．在塔里木盆地的应用表明，该方法所得到的结果具有良好的一致性和可靠性，并充分显示了它独有的精细构造描述特点．     

近海复杂环境下的H-M-T受荷桩内力位移分析

为探讨近海复杂恶劣环境（台风超强风力、车辆冲击力或地震产生的复杂力等）下水平力H、弯矩M及扭矩T共同作用时的基桩桩身内力变形特性,基于传统有限杆单元法思想,获得了H-M-T受荷桩的基本单元刚度矩阵。然后,基于m法考虑桩周地基土的侧向约束作用,并计入H-M-T耦合效应,采用凝聚方法导得了具有简洁统一形式的桩身杆单元刚度矩阵,由此建立水平力、弯矩和扭矩组合作用下的桩身内力位移有限杆单元法计算模型,进而采用MATLAB编制出相应的分析计算程序。最后,结合近海工程算例进行了分析。结果表明：1文中提出的改进有限杆单元法能考虑桩周地基土的分层特性、不同边界条件及H-M-T的耦合效应;2相比单一考虑水平受荷,扭矩的存在加大了桩身的位移和内力;3H-M-T复杂受荷模式下,荷载传递存在有效传递深度,当相对深度z/L超过0.5后,桩身弯矩和剪力趋近于零,而扭矩显著减小。     

Evaluation of Rayleigh damping and its influence on engineering demand parameter estimates

The effects of Rayleigh damping model on the engineering demand parameters of two steel moment‐resisting frame buildings were evaluated. Two‐dimensional models of the buildings were created and response history analysis were conducted for three different hazard levels. The response history analysis results indicate that mass‐proportional damping leads to high damping forces compared with restoring forces and may lead to overestimation of floor acceleration demands for both buildings. Stiffness‐proportional damping, on the other hand, is observed to suppress the higher‐mode effects in the nine‐story building resulting in lower story drift demands in the upper floors compared with other damping models. Rayleigh damping models, which combine mass‐proportional and stiffness‐proportional components, that are anchored at reduced modal frequencies lead to reasonable damping forces and floor acceleration demands for both buildings and does not suppress higher‐mode effects in the nine‐story building. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamics of submerged intake towers including interaction with dam and foundation

The dynamics of a coupled concrete gravity dam-intake tower–reservoir water–foundation rock system is numerically studied considering two hollow slender towers submerged in reservoir of gravity dam. The system is investigated in the frequency-domain using frequency response functions of the dam and the towers, and in the time-domain using time-history seismic analysis under a real earthquake ground motion. The analyzes are separately conducted under horizontal and vertical ground motions. The coupled system is three-dimensionally modeled using finite elements by Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. It is shown that presence of the dam significantly influences the dynamic response of the towers under both horizontal and vertical excitations; however the dam is not affected by the towers. When the dam is present in the model, the water contained inside the towers has different effects if the foundation is rigid, but it alleviates the towers motion if the foundation is flexible. It is concluded that the effects of foundation interaction are of much importance in the response of tall slender towers when they are located near concrete gravity dams.     

岩体流变情况下隧道合理支护时机的数值模拟

以广梧高速公路牛车顶隧道为工程背景,探讨岩体流变情况下隧道二衬支护时机确定的理论和数值计算方法。对比理论方法预测拱顶下沉时程曲线与现场实测结果,建立数值计算模型,分析隧道围岩应力释放系数对围岩稳定性的影响表明,理论方法预测拱顶下沉时程曲线与现场实测表现出相同的发展规律,并且二者得到的二衬支护时间基本相同,验证了理论方法的正确性。围岩应力随着掌子面推进而不断释放,III级围岩应力释放比较缓慢,空间效应比较明显;当开挖释放应力系数大于或等于60%时,整个围岩的松动区都大于锚喷加固范围,最终确定出二衬的合理支护时机,为工程实践提供参考。     

Geophysical lineaments of Western Ghats and adjoining coastal areas of central Kerala,southern India and their temporal development

A family of geophysical lineaments have been identified in ~15,000 km~2 in central Kerala between9 30'N to 10 45'N and 76 00'E to 77°30′E,integrating geophysical data with geological and geomorphological features. The characteristics of these lineaments in the magnetic and gravity fields and their derivatives have been analysed. The evolution of the lineaments has been traced to the temporal phases of global evolution of the region. A group of these faults have formed by reactivation of the deep-seated distensional fractures associated with and accompanying dyke emplacements during the episodic breakup of Gondwana at ~90 and 65 Ma under distinctive mantle thermal regimes. It is possible that reactivation of these distensional faults may have started during the cooling interval of time between the two distensions in the 90 and 65 Ma and post 65 Ma periods and later in the Cenozoic, when the lineaments were enlarged to their present dimension, possibly under the influence of forces that led to the uplift of the western Ghats. These may extend down to the crust-mantle interface. A cluster of youngergeophysical lineaments has been generated by reactivation along the weak planes of transformation of the charnockitic rocks of the Precambrian. They seem to have a strike-slip character. They are devoid of any dyke association and were formed on a cold crust. They may be confined to the upper-middle crust.They were generated in the high intensity intra-plate palaeo-stress fields of the triple forces arising from(1) the back-thrust from the Himalayan Collision;(2) the impact of epeirogenic forces and related isostatic uplift of the Western Ghats and(3) the flexural isostatic uplifts due to surface loads of late Mesozoic basaltic lavas and Cenozoic sedimentation in the coastal rifted basins in late Cenozoic, probably in the time span of 20 Ma to the present, when the palaeostress fields were most intense.     

山西中条群多期变形的厘定

采用构造解析方法，研究中条山胡—篦铜矿区地质构造，鉴别中条群经历五期构造变形。即层内紧闭褶皱及近水平韧性剪切带、剥离断层（Ｄ１）、一系列大型同斜褶皱、翼部伴随断层（Ｄ２）、余家山剥离断层（Ｄ３）、主褶皱期——短轴褶皱（Ｄ４）和区域性伸展构造（Ｄ５）的叠加改造，地层的多次强烈构造置换。重新建立了篦子沟组的层序。     

当阳地区地震地质特征浅析

本区构造发展存在三个不同阶段，印支期为初始褶皱阶段；燕山期为逆冲推覆定型阶段；喜马拉雅期为改造与破坏阶段。其地质结构明显具有双重构造，构造反转和推覆滑税三大特征。区内地震反射特征与岩性组合有一定对应关系，本文首次尝试利用地震反射信息特征对沉积环境进行分析。     

新疆库鲁克塔格地区构造应力场解析

通过对库鲁克塔格地区的构造地质演化分析,将该地区震旦系以来较强构造变形的构造应力场分4个时期：早古生代、晚古生代、中生代和新生代。根据节理、褶皱和岩墙等应力感构造的测量分析,得出库鲁克塔格地区及其周缘的4个时期构造应力场的最大主压应力方向分别为北北东向、北西西-北西向、北东向和北北东-近南北向。基于对新近纪以来库鲁克塔格地区构造应力场的二维有限元模拟,进一步对该地区应力场的分布特征、边界几何形态对应力场的影响等问题进行了讨论与分析。