隧道强干扰环境瞬变电磁响应规律与校正方法:以TBM为例

以隧道掘进机(Tunnel Boring Machine,TBM)为例模拟了隧道强干扰环境下,瞬变电磁超前探测的响应曲线,系统分析了异常体(以直立充水断层为例)与掌子面距离、围岩电阻率差异、TBM长度、异常体规模等条件下的曲线特征和影响规律,发现TBM干扰源表现为低电阻率目标特征,其影响主要集中在早期,对于电性差异较大或目标规模较大的低电阻率异常(充水断层)模型能够明显地通过衰减曲线区分.根据电磁场叠加原理,将隧道腔体中包含TBM模型的响应减去纯隧道腔体响应可以获得TBM的响应信号,以此作为干扰背景,从实际包含TBM和充水断层的隧道模型总响应中减除,获得去除TBM干扰的响应信号.通过8组算例进行对比,发现经过校正的衰减曲线与模型计算曲线吻合较好,视电阻率曲线差异相对较小,能够表现探测区域的电性分布情况,确认该方法在不同情况下的适用性.即使在TBM响应计算时给定背景电阻率与实际电阻率差异达到100%的情况下,依然能够通过校正获得合理的响应信号和视电阻率曲线.该方法不仅仅适用于隧道环境,对于其他诸如地面、航空、半航空、海洋瞬变电磁勘探同样适用.     

基于Duffing振子混沌系统的地震速度分析方法

强随机噪声干扰是导致地震勘探资料低信噪比的主要原因,如何在强随机噪声干扰下获取有效的信息是值得关注的问题.Duffing振子混沌系统是一个非线性的动力学系统,其对强随机噪声具有免疫能力,而对特定的周期性信号具有敏感性.本文提出一种基于Duffing振子混沌系统的速度分析方法.对CMP道集按照时距曲线关系进行移动窗口截取,将所截取的信号构建为待测信号加入Duffing振子混沌系统,通过相图网格分割方法(GPM)判断系统状态的改变,从而在强随机噪声背景下获得高分辨率的速度谱.理论模型和实际资料的处理结果表明,与传统的水平叠加速度分析方法相比,本方法能够在强随机噪声背景下获得更准确的速度分析结果.     

Prediction of ground motion due to the collapse of a large-scale cooling tower under strong earthquakes

The ground motion owing to the collapse of a large-scale cooling tower under strong earthquakes was appropriately predicted using a comprehensive approach. The predicted results can be used for the safety evaluation of nuclear-related facilities adjacent to the cooling tower as well as in the planning of nuclear power plant construction in China. In this study, a cooling tower–soil model was first developed based on a falling weight–soil model, which the authors verified by falling weight tests. Then the collapse process of a cooling tower was simulated, and the collapse-induced ground vibrations were assessed by using the proposed model. Finally, the ground motion, which was a combination of the earthquake-induced ground motion and the collapse-induced ground vibrations, was estimated based on the superposition principle of waves. It was found that the cooling tower may collapse under strong earthquakes with the peak ground accelerations (PGAs) in the range of 0.35–0.45 g in x (EW) and y (NS) directions, respectively. These PGAs are far beyond the PGA range of major earthquakes in the common seismic design in China. The types of the site geologies of towers can significantly affect the collapse-induced ground vibrations. For a typical hard soil consisting of strongly weathered sandy slate, moderate ground vibrations may occur in the considered region. The collapse-induced PGAs were in the range of 0.017–0.046 g for the observed points at distances of 350 m in radial direction. For a rock-like foundation, the collapse-induced radial PGAs may be as high as 0.08 g at distances of 350 m, indicating that the effect of the collapse-induced ground vibrations on the nuclear-related facilities should be seriously assessed in certain scenarios.     

东昆仑断裂带东段强震形势分析

围绕东昆仑断裂带强震构造背景及巴颜喀拉断块动力学环境,分析了1900年以来断块边界强震活动及强震周期性特征,探讨了东昆仑断裂带东段的强震危险性。     

汶川地震山脚震害特征及机理分析1

汶川地震和以往地震现场震害调查表明,局部场地地形对震害的影响明显,其中,山脚房屋震害程度明显低于山顶和水平地表土层场地.针对这一震害特征,本文以汶川主震的地形效应观测强震动记录和人工爆破山体地形地震动观测记录为基础,通过数据分析,结合动力集中质量中心差分有限元法进行数值模拟分析,进一步揭示了山脚房屋震害轻微的特征不仅与其所在场地条件良好有关,更与山脚所处山体底部的几何位置直接相关.     

中国西部强震活动与武都应变变化关系分析

武都RZB-Ⅱ型钻孔式压容应变仪自1992年投入观测以来,至今已多次记录完整的地震波形。选取了1993年以来的中国西部地区所发生的几次7级以上强震,通过对震前武都应变资料的分析后发现这几次地震前武都应变资料均存在着显著的中、短临异常变化;并对出现前兆异常的机理进行了初步分析。     

煤矿矿震定位中异向波速模型的构建与求解

针对煤矿上覆岩层层状赋存和离层带的特点,构建矿井尺度的微震监测系统异向波速模型,模型中波速向量由地面探头速度与井下探头速度组成.研究了在只有强矿震信号和混有爆破信号两种条件下,以到时残差最小为目标和震源定位误差最小为目标的两种求解模型,模型求解选用具有全局寻优特性的遗传算法与CMEAS算法结合的混合算法.现场实际应用得出,只使用爆破信号的到时残差法最优,混有强矿震信号的到时残差法其次;与爆破信号定位所用的统一简化波速模型相比,震源定位误差大幅度降低.在此基础上进一步减低定位误差,还需从微震台网的优化布设方面解决.     

A procedure on ground motion selection and scaling for nonlinear response of simple structural systems

This study presents a ground-motion selection and scaling methodology that preserves the basic seismological features of the scaled records with reduced scatter in the nonlinear structural response. The methodology modifies each strong-motion recording with known fundamental seismological parameters using the estimations of ground-motion prediction equations for a given target hazard level. It provides robust estimations on target building response through scaled ground motions and calculates the dispersion about this target. This alternative procedure is not only useful for record scaling and selection but, upon its further refinement, can also be advantageous for the probabilistic methods that assess the engineering demand parameters for a given target hazard level. Case studies that compare the performance of the proposed procedure with some other record selection and scaling methods suggest its usefulness for building performance assessment and loss models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

核电工程应用隔震技术的可行性探讨

本文旨在观察和分析有关基底隔震技术在核电工程中应用的相关问题,重点讨论如何将此类已经相当成熟的技术应用于核电这一类十分特殊、十分重要、十分敏感而又十分复杂的工程中.文中指出隔震技术有很多优点,可以整体改进核电工程的安全性和可靠性,有利于促进未来核电厂设计和建造的标准化,缩短建设时间,降低建厂的初始投资和生命周期中的运行...     

太阳黑子活动与新疆强震活动的关系

使用1900年以来的太阳黑子数据,统计分析了其与新疆地区MS≥6.6强震的关系。结果显示：新疆地区69%的MS≥6.6和86%的MS≥7的地震,发生在黑子数月均值≤35的时段内。以黑子数月均值≤20和≤35的时段作为MS≥6.6强震的预测指标,报准率分别为71%和64%;以黑子数月均值≤35的时段作为MS≥6.6强震的预测指标,报准率为69%。R值评分检验表明,上述预测指标是有效的。最后使用这些统计关系和指标对新疆未来几年发生强震的可能性作了估计。