利用广东数字地震波资料对比分析计算环境剪应力场的方法

根据陈培善推导的多个环境剪应力场公式,利用广东数字地震台网记录到的华南地区60个ML≥2.5地震参数分别对0τ进行计算。相对偏差及相关性分析表明,由震源峰值加速度ap计算的0τ5相对偏差最小,与其他方法的相关性最高。对于数字化地震资料,ap的求解较为简便,由此计算环境剪应力场的方法更适合在日常分析预测工作中推广应用。     

德令哈6．6级地震前甘肃地区前兆异常的初步分析

利用甘肃地区12个观测台包括三大学科(地电，水氡、气氡、水位，应力)共16个测项的观测资料，经去倾付氏分析及用日均值、5日均值、月均值等方法进行处理分析。分析发现，在2003年4月17日青海德令哈6．6级地震前，这些台项出现了较多远场前兆异常，并对6．6级地震与这些异常进行了初步分析。     

广西地区中强地震前后环境应力场的时空演变特征

应用P波初动半周期和地震震级资料测定环境应力值的方法，利用广西台网30多年地震观测记录资料，测算了广西及其邻区大量中、小地震震源处的相对剪切应力强度值．在此基础上研究了广西地区8个中强地震序列主震前后环境应力值的时空变化特征．     

含弱层岩石破裂前兆规律的数值模拟分析

利用数值模拟软件RFPA^2D模拟了含断层带岩体的破裂过程及其应力、位移和声发射前兆的复杂性和规律性。模拟结果表明。应力和位移在同一点的变化情况不同。不同点在同一时刻的位移和应力也不同。应力、位移和声发射在时间和空间上的分布呈现出一系列复杂图像。但是这些复杂变化并不是随机的。都遵循相同的物理过程和一定的演化规律。应力和位移的变化量比应力和位移本身更重要。同时这些变化的大小和断层结构紧密相关。而单一物理量的异常并不一定预示着必然的破裂。     

北京黄庄-高丽营断层、八宝山断层现今活动追踪研究

综合分析了控制黄庄—高丽营断层、八宝山断层活动性的形变、重力及地磁资料，认为断层的活动以永定河断层与良乡断层之间最为显著；其活动与强震的发生密切相关；断层所在地段是地震活动引起应力场变化的敏感地区。是大同及张北地震后应力转移集中的地区。转移集中的部分应力可能以断层蠕动的形式得到缓慢释放。     

沉降统一计算模式及其可视化实现

利用VC++6.0编译平台,通过编制可视化应用程序,对浅基础与桩基础的沉降统一计算模式进行了探讨.这一模式对计算荷载的确定、附加应力的计算及孔隙比的确定进行了统一,从而,不需要分别编制应用程序来计算浅基础与桩基础沉降,提高了编制应用程序的效率,数据输入、输出及沉降计算过程均通过可视化界面进行操作,计算过程简单方便,计算结果重复性好,具有很好的实际应用价值.     

岩溶区土洞发育机制的分析

岩溶区地下水或地表水的活动 ,将对土层产生潜蚀作用及崩解作用 ,进而形成土洞。真空吸蚀作用 ,有利于土洞的发育扩大。地下水位的变化 ,将使土洞周围土体的应力状态发生改变 ,并有可能导致土洞周围土体产生塑性破坏 ,使土洞进一步扩大甚至塌陷.     

From continental margin extension to collision orogen: structural development and tectonic rotation of the Hengchun peninsula, southern Taiwan

As a result of oblique collision, the Taiwan orogen propagates southward. The Hengchun peninsula in the southern tip of the Taiwan Central Range, preserving the youngest, the least deformed and the most complete accretionary prism sequences, allows therefore better understanding of the tectonic evolution of Taiwan orogen. On the Hengchun peninsula, four main stages of paleostress can be recognized by the analysis of brittle tectonics. After recording the first two stages of paleostress, rocks of the Hengchun peninsula (the Hengchun block) have undergone both tilting and counterclockwise rotation of about 90°. The structural boundaries of this rotated Hengchun block are: the Kenting Mélange zone in the southwest, the Fongkang Fault in the north, and a submarine backthrust in the east. The angle of this rotation is principally calculated by the paleomagnetic analysis data and a physical model experiment. Through a systematic back-tilting and back-rotating restoration, the original orientations of the four paleostress stages of Hengchun peninsula are recognized. They are, from the ancient to the recent, a NW–SE extension, a combination of NW–SE transtension and NE–SW transpression, a NE–SW compression, and finally a combination of NE–SW transtension and NW–SE transpression. This result can be explained by a phenomenon of stress axes permutation, instead of a complex polyphase tectonism. This stress axes permutation is caused by the horizontal compression increase accompanying the propagation of the accretionary prism. Combining the tectonic and paleomagnetic data with paleocurrent and stratigraphic data enables us to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of the Hengchun peninsula. This reconstruction corresponds to the deformation history of a continental margin basin, from its opening to its intense deformation in the accretionary prism.     

Photoelastic and numerical investigation of stress distributions around fault models under biaxial compressive loading conditions

This paper presents the results of a photoelastic and numerical study of stress distributions (contours and trajectories) around fault models of various geometries, submitted to a biaxial compressive load. It aims to describe typical biaxial stress behaviours and emphasize the existing differences with the well-known uniaxial compressive load case. Stress trajectories are sometimes shown by joint sets acting as markers of a paleostress field, and they can be interpreted by particular shallow tension–compression situations. At depth fractures can be reactivated, or can dilate under conditions of triaxial compression, and behaviour is essentially controlled by a high stress ratio (high σ₃/σ₁ ratio). In spite of the potential importance of such stress states on fracture permeability and fluid flow, and although they are frequently found at depth in a reservoir context, such stress conditions are poorly investigated, particularly in terms of stress perturbations.The presented analogue experiments consisted of compression tests done on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plates; this material has mechanical properties comparable to those of brittle rocks in the upper crust, and presents birefringence. The samples contained open defects acting as faults, and the stress trajectories around these faults were investigated using a photoelastic device. Comparable numerical experiments were realised with a finite-element code (Franc 2D), using frictionless fault models.First, the effect of an increasing biaxial compressive load ratio σ₃/σ₁ on stress trajectories around an isolated open defect was explored. It was shown that the stress trajectories were drastically modified when σ₃/σ₁ increased from 0.2 to 0.4, this result being consistent with previous studies. In particular, when σ₃/σ₁ was superior or equal to 0.4, external isotropic points around where trajectories diverged (called repulsive isotropic points) appeared near the tips, but away from the defects. They tended to move away from the defects towards the main load direction when σ₃/σ₁ increased. The described isotropic points were points of stress trajectory divergence, i.e. points where stress decreased, implying that zones around them were strongly unfavourable to shear reactivation.Second, stress trajectories around fault models of various geometries (oblique isolated defect, dilational jog, compressive jog, and complex patterns) were studied, the applied biaxial compressive load ratio being 0.7. These biaxial stress trajectories were compared with similar uniaxial stress trajectories in order to explore the existing differences between the two regimes. It enabled new stress trajectory geometries to be described and interpreted. In particular, numerous external repulsive isotropic points were observed, and defect tips were shown to be zones of high convergence of stress trajectories. Furthermore, in contrast to the uniaxial compressive load case, stress trajectories and stress contours were geometrically similar within dilational and compressive jogs under biaxial compressive load. For both jog types, the centre of the overlapping zone, and the areas along the wall of a jog-defining fault and facing the overlapping tip of the other fault, proved to be zones of low mean stress, implying that fluids may migrate towards them from the tips of the faults, in response to mean stress gradients. Furthermore, the centre of the jogs exhibiting a high differential stress was a favourable area in terms of fracture reactivation, which may facilitate fluids transfer and storage.It was also observed that for both the uniaxial and biaxial compressive loads, isotropic zones were localised at the acute angle between branching defects.     

甘肃附加应力场预测地震研究

根据弹性力学的物理方程导出了由附加主应力比判别附加应变状态的关系式,分析了附加应力与断层活动的关系。