Faulting parameters of earthquakes in the New Madrid, Missouri, region

The advent of high-resolution digital seismic recording and advances in computer technology enable the combination of traditional regional seismic network observations with direct seismogram modeling to improve estimates of small earthquake faulting geometry, depth, and size. We illustrate a combined modeling approach using observations from three earthquakes that occurred within the environs of the New Madrid Seismic Zone: two Missouri earthquakes from September 26, 1990 and May 4, 1991; and the southern Illinois earthquake of February 5, 1994. We also re-examine the faulting geometry for two events from the 1960s that are inconsistent with the current estimate of the regional stress field. Based on direct modeling of the long-period seismograms associated with these events, we revise earlier estimates of the earthquake parameters for the March 3, 1963 and July 21, 1967 Missouri earthquakes. Comparing the new and revised results with existing earthquake mechanisms in the region, we find that tension-axes are generally aligned in a N-S to NW-SE direction, while the compression-axes trend in a NE to E direction. An interesting exception to this pattern are the March 3, 1963 and two nearby earthquakes that lie within a well-defined 30-km long left step in seismicity near New Madrid.     

云南剑川近场横波特征及其与构造的关系

通过对1982年7月3日云南剑川Ms5．4级地震的余震震群近场记录的研究，为该地区存在横波分裂现象及上部地壳存在裂隙各向异性提供了直接的证据．剑川地区地震记录波形复杂，纵、横波视周期差异较大．横波快波偏振主要集中在NE45°和NW55°两个方向．7月20日ML4．8级强余震前后横波快波偏振取向变化显著，各台横波偏振方向震前彼此相对独立；震后整体上趋于有序．前者反映了地震发生前由于震源区应力集中在附近空间形成的应力分布的差异；后者显示出地震发生后由于震源区集中应力的释放带来的上述应力差异在一定空间范围的解除．该结果表明震源附近地区地震横波分裂特征不仅携带着地震处于相对平静期应力场的静态信息，而且也携带着地震发生前后应力场时、空动态变化的重要信息．文中还讨论了剑川地区构造对S波分裂的影响．     

山东济阳坳陷岩层空隙比与应力传递速度的相关性研究

统计了不同深度测层的群井降水附加应力从开始传递到水位响应的间隔时段，在此基础上建立了应力在地层中传递深度－时间相关模式，进行了有关参数反演，并结合相关地质、气象等资料，提出了岩层空隙比－应力传递速度的相关模型。该模型说明了应力传递速度与岩层结构、构造的内在联系，为不同类型应力在不同空隙比岩层中的单层传播速度、组合层段传播所需时间计算提供了简单、有效的方法，也为识别降水引起的附加应力对深井水位动态的干扰提供了依据     

Estimation of seismic stress drop from the peak velocity of ground motion

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Anatomy of a small intraplate earthquake: a dissection of its rupture characteristics using regional data

The magnitude m _bLg 5.0 Mont-Laurier earthquake of 1990 October 19, in Quebec, Canada, was one of the largest to have occurred in eastern North America during the past decade. High-frequency ground motions recorded on regional network instruments exceeded values anticipated for an event of its size by a factor of 3. A commonly favoured explanation for the discrepancy is that the source was a rare 'high-stress' event. In this paper, detailed fault-slip models are derived to fit waveform and spectral characteristics of the regional data. The results establish that the effective rupture stress was normal (about 100 bars), that the fault rupture developed asymmetrically, and that the average slip time for points inside the rupture area (approx. 0.1 s) was significantly less than that associated with the standard Brune (1970) source spectral model. The rupture area developed in at least four distinct episodes, each extending the previously ruptured area. Taken together with similar results for the m _bLg 6.5 Saguenay earthquake of 1988 November, the results indicate that a widely used assumption in hazard analyses, that earthquake spectra are adequately represented by the standard Brune spectral model, is unreliable for the interpretation and prediction of strong ground motion.     

日本海-鄂霍次克海下俯冲带的应力状态及其深部形变

通过地震分布及地震机制解所反映的日本海-鄂霍次克海俯冲带的形态及应力状态,研究了俯冲带深部形变及650km间断面的穿透问题.日本海Benioff带较直,连续性较好;鄂霍次克海Benioff带弯度稍大,220-320km深度之间地震很少.两俯冲带在浅部及深部地震密集,100-200km深度之间有双地震层.应力状态随深度变化,200km深度以下P,T轴方向相对集中,P轴接近俯冲方向,在约100-200km深度附近,P,T轴均接近俯冲方向.观测和理论地震图拟合分析表明,地震断层面走向接近俯冲带走向,断裂的结果使俯冲带在深部倾角变小.     

从汞异常讨论阳江——从化断裂的活动性及对孕震的影响

根据区域重砂普查圈定的辰砂分散晕和跨断层剖面壤中气汞测量结果，联系已有地震资料，讨论了阳江－－从化断裂带的活动性及汞异常与地震活动的关系。认为：沿断裂 带群集的汞民中以作为活动断裂的判别标志之一；汞沿断裂裂隙向上运移系促使断裂活动的动力因素之一；汞异常段之间的相对低值区或其外侧系地震活动的主要场所。     

滇西地区九种岩石的P波Q值

本文叙述了以波传播和谱振幅比法测得的滇西地区九种岩石在不同应力状态下(σ_1=σ_2=σ_3=σ)的衰减系数,P波速度及Q值。在σ≤90 MPa时,随压力增加,衰减系数减小,P波速度及Q值增大;在σ≥120 MPa以后,衰减系数、P波速度及Q值变化甚小。其中团山砂岩及砖窑村片麻岩Q值较低。     

利用CDSN资料研究中强地震的差异：—CDSN应用系列论文三

本文利用中国数字地震台网(CDSN)短周期垂直向的直达 P 波数字资料,通过频谱分析的方法,测定了3个5级左右的中强地震及其随后小地震的应力降和介质 Q 值。初步研究了不同类型的中强地震在这方面的差异。并指出,中强地震的应力降低,与随后发生的小地震的平均应力降比值也小时,有可能在震中附近还会发生更大的地震。相反,中强地震的应力降高,与小地震的平均应力降的比值大时,随后发生更大地震的可能性就小。同时还指出,中强地震发生前,往往介质 Q 值部较低。这在中强地震发生后,对及时估计地震趋势有一定的实用价值.     

中国周边板块的相互作用及其对中国应力场的影响——（Ⅱ）印度板块的影响

本文利用地震资料并结合地质资料,讨论了印度板块与欧亚板块在中国周边的相互作用及其对中国应力场的影响,指出两板块在喜马拉雅山前断裂地区碰撞,碰撞边界向西延续到35°N,74°E附近,其主要挤压方向为NNE,并形成SE方向的物质流动.帕米尔地区有强烈的构造运动,并存在俯冲带形态的构造.在26.5°N,97°E附近,板块边界的走向发生突变,并形成东倾的缅甸山弧俯冲带,但印度板块挤压造成的主压应力方向为NNE向.在安达曼-尼科巴-苏门答腊-爪哇岛弧,印度板块俯冲于欧亚板块之下,在中国南海一带形成NNW向或近Ns向的主压应力.