System structure and calibration models of intelligent photogrammetron

This paper describes the structure, geometric model and geometric calibration of Photogrammetron I—the first type of photogrammetron which is designed to be a coherent stereo photogrammetric system in which two cameras are mounted on a physical base but driven by an intelligent agent architecture. The system calibration is divided into two parts: the in-lab calibration determines the fixed parameters in advance of system operation, and the in-situ calibration keeps tracking the free parameters in real-time during the system operation. In a video surveillance set-up, prepared control points are tracked in stereo image sequences, so that the free parameters of the system can be continuously updated through iterative bundle adjustment and Kalman filtering.     

A new method for indentifying the model error of adjustment system

Some theory problems affecting parameter estimation are discussed in this paper. Influence and transformation between errors of stochastic and functional models is pointed out as well. For choosing the best adjustment model, a formula, which is different from the literatures existing methods, for estimating and identifying the model error, is proposed. On the basis of the proposed formula, an effective approach of selecting the best model of adjustment system is given.     

Integrated navigation system and experiment of a low-cost and low-accuracy SINS/GPS

When SINS (strap-down inertial navigation system) is combined with GPS, the observability of the course angle is weak. Although the course angle error is improved to some extent through Kalman filtering, the course angle still assumes a divergent trend. This trend is aggravated further when using low-cost and low-accuracy SINS. In order to restrain this trend, a method that uses AHRS to substitute for SINS course angle information is put forward aimed at the hardware component characteristic of the low-cost and low-accuracy SINS including AHRS (attitude and heading reference system) and IMU (inertial measurement unit). Real static and dynamic experiments show that the method can restrain the divergent trend of the navigation system angle effectively, and the positioning accuracy is high.     

Comparative study on two methods for calculating the gravitational potential of a prism

The determination of the gravitational potential of a prism plays an important role in physical geodesy and geophysics. However, there are few literatures that provide accurate approaches for determining the gravitational potential of a prism. Discrete element method can be used to determine the gravitational potential of a prism, and can approximate the true gravitational potential values with sufficient accuracy (the smaller each element is, the more accurate the result is). Although Nagy’s approach provided a closed expression, one does not know whether it is valid, due to the fact that this approach has not been confirmed in literatures. In this paper, a study on the comparison of Nagy’s approach with discrete element method is presented. The results show that Nagy’s formulas for determining the gravitational potential of a prism are valid in the domain both inside and outside the prism.     

3维最小二乘表面匹配泛型数学模型及在机载LiDAR条带平差中的应用

以3维表面间共轭点欧氏距离之和最小为理论基础,提出一种泛型3维表面匹配数学模型,并推导其最小二乘平差理论模型,利用该模型进行机载LiDAR点云条带平差。针对真实机载LiDAR点云数据进行条带平差对比实验,结果表明本文所提出的表面匹配模型,不仅能准确估计出相邻重叠3维表面间的正形变换参数,较好地解决机载LiDAR点云条带间配准问题,而且能同时适用于多种同名点对应准则,是一种泛型的配准模型。     

1∶250000数据库变量更新作业及检查过程中应注意的一些问题

1∶250 000数据库变量更新是为保持1∶250 000地形数据库的现势性,从而实现1∶250 000数据和1∶50 000数据的协调一致。本文结合笔者的生产实践经验,对在生产作业和检查过程中遇到的各种地形要素的综合取舍问题进行了整理。     

浅谈地理国情普查地市县乡村需要做的工作内容

通过国情普查试点工作,总结经验、工作方法,为下一步国情普查和省情普查打下良好的基础,对具体工作具有指导意义。     

Rank-defect adjustment model for survey-line systematic errors in marine survey net

In this paper, the structure of systematic and random errors in marine survey net are discussed in detail and the adjustment method for observations of marine survey net is studied, in which the rank-defect characteristic is discovered first up to now. On the basis of the survey-line systematic error model, the formulae of the rank-defect adjustment model are deduced according to modern adjustment theory. An example of calculations with really observed data is carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of this adjustment model. Moreover, it is proved that the semi-systematic error correction method used at present in marine gravimetry in China is a special case of the adjustment model presented in this paper.     

一种快速有效的大数据区域网平差方法

针对摄影测量影像来源多样化、复杂化、大数据化等趋势,传统区域网平差算法在应对当前复杂多变的数据来源,矩阵排列毫无规律的法方程结构以及大数据量带来的高内存需求和低计算效率等问题上,遇到了前所未有的挑战,为了解决上述难题,本文引入了预条件共轭梯度法以及不精确牛顿解法求解区域网平差过程中的法方程,同时使用一种块状法方程系数矩阵压缩存储格式,构建了全新的区域网平差技术流程。本文方法避免了直接对法方程系数矩阵的求逆,压缩了法方程系数矩阵所需的内存空间,使得本文算法比传统算法所需计算机内存空间大幅减少,平差计算速度明显提升,同时保证了计算精度与传统方法相当。初步试验证明,本文方法对4500张影像、近900万像点数据的平差计算在普通电脑上仅需要约15min,且计算精度达到子像素级。     

基于距离和姿态观测量的GNSS基线网平差方法

针对目前单历元算法需要连续观测较长时间才能够得到较为精确的解算结果的问题,利用载具同时架设3台GNSS接收机,获得基线观测量,同时事先精确测定接收机之间的距离,并利用陀螺仪获得载具的姿态角,通过增加距离和姿态观测量,与基线观测量共同进行平差处理,可以得到单历元较为稳定而精确的坐标解算结果。试验表明,平面精度在10 mm以内,高程精度在3 cm以内,相较于不添加距离和姿态观测量的结果精度提高了15%以上。