National Mapping Profiles

This paper provides the background necessary for a clear understanding of forthcoming papers relating to the Visvalingam algorithm for line generalization, for example on the testing and usage of its implementations. It distinguishes the algorithm from implementation-specific issues to explain why it is possible to get inconsistent but equally valid output from different implementations. By tracing relevant developments within the now-disbanded Cartographic Information Systems Research Group (CISRG) of the University of Hull, it explains why (a) a partial metric-driven implementation was, and still is, sufficient for many projects but not for others; (b) why the effective area (EA) is a measure derived from a metric; (c) why this measure (EA) may serve as a heuristic indicator for in-line feature segmentation and model-based generalization; (d) how metrics may be combined to change the order of point elimination; and (e) how Tobler's rule-of-thumb is useful for scale-related filtering of EA. The issues discussed in this paper also apply to the use of other metrics. It is hoped that the background and guidance provided in this paper will enable others to participate in further research based on the algorithm.     

采用接收函数法反演佛子岭台基莫霍面深度及波速比

接收函数法是目前地震波研究常用方法,以佛子岭地震台数字化仪器记录的远震事件数据为基础,使用Wiener滤波方法进行接收函数计算,应用H-Kappa叠加法,通过Ps转换波等震相拟合,反演台基的莫霍面深度、波速比及泊松比.     

基于微博的芦山地震前后宏观异常信息筛选与分析

地震宏观异常是指地震前后人的感觉能直接察觉到的自然界异常现象,本研究在芦山地震后,针对公众通过微博发布的异常信息进行搜集,提出从真实性、完整性、信誉度和关联度四方面对公众提供的微博宏观异常信息进行筛选的方法,并根据筛选后的信息从时间角度、空间分布等方面进行芦山地震前后宏观异常信息的分析研究.结果表明,芦山地震前后是有宏观异常出现的,公众关注的异常种类主要为动物异常与天气异常;震前发生宏观异常占宏观异常总数的67％,但仅有30％被发布;微博发布的宏观异常信息中,大多位于距离震中较远的成都市,而非震中地区.微博信息可以作为宏观异常信息的一个主要的及时信息来源,有助于发挥群测群防在防震减灾工作中的作用.     

基于倾角中值滤波法的浅层反射地震叠前信噪分离技术

浅层反射地震资料中面波一般比较发育,对有效信号形成干扰,现有压制面波等相千干扰的处理手段主要适用于中深部、深部地震勘探,但并不适用于浅层反射地震资料的处理。为此提出了倾角中值滤波法。该方法是基于叠前地震单炮道集上反射波与强线性干扰在￡吨域视速度上的差异,在多组视倾角范围内,求取一个最佳视倾角,将最佳视倾角的振幅序列的中值视为相干干扰,利用“减去法”,达到信噪分离。通过模型与实际资料的处理,汪明该方法能够有效分离强线性干扰,并保留了强线性干扰的特性,提高了资料的信噪比,保真度高,是浅层高分辨率地震勘探的一种理想的叠前信噪分离技术。     

基于Qt的VSP波场分离系统的设计与实现

VSP技术是近几年发展比较迅速的一种重要地震观测方法,如何有效地分离上、下行波,是应用VSP资料所要解决的首要问题。介绍了几种常用的VSP波场分离方法原理及其实现步骤,利用跨平台的C＋＋图形用户界面库Qt,开发了VSP波场分离系统。系统操作界面友好、功能强大,已在实际资料处理中得到很好的应用。     

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A Relocation-based Initialization Scheme to Improve Track-forecasting of Tropical Cyclones简

A relocation procedure to initialize tropical cyclones was developed to improve the representation of the initial conditions and the track forecast for Panasonic Weather Solutions Tropical Operational Forecasts. This scheme separates the vortex perturbation and environment field from the first guess, then relocates the initial vortex perturbations to Lhe observed position by merging them with the environment field. The relationships of wind vector components with stream function and velocity potential are used for separating the vortex disturbance from first guess. For the separation of scalars, a low-pass Barnes filter is employed. The irregular-shaped relocation area corresponding to the specific initial conditions is determined by mapping the edge of the vortex radius in 36 directions.Then, the non-vortex perturbations in the relocation area are removed by a two-pass Barnes filter to retain the vortex perturbations, while the variable fields outside the perimeter of the modified vortex are kept ide.ntical to the original first guess. The potential impacts of this scheme on track forecasts were examined for three hurricane cases in the 2011-12 hurricane season. The experimental results demonstrate that the initialization scheme is able to effectively separate the vortex field from the environment field and maintain a relatively balanced and accurate relocated first guess. As the initial track error is reduced, the following track forecasts are considerably improved. The 72-h average track forecast error was redu,~ed by 32.6% for the cold-start cases, and by 38.4% when using the full-cycling data assimilation because of the accumulatedL improvements from the initialization scheme.     

多变量方程误差类系统的部分耦合迭代辨识方法

针对多变量方程误差滑动平均系统,利用最小二乘原理和迭代搜索原理,给出了增广随机梯度辨识方法、递推增广最小二乘辨识方法、梯度迭代辨识方法和最小二乘迭代辨识方法.针对多变量方程误差滑动平均系统和多变量方程误差自回归滑动平均系统,将多变量系统分解为一些子系统,利用耦合辨识概念,讨论了梯度迭代辨识方法、部分耦合（子系统）梯度迭代辨识方法、子系统最小二乘迭代方法和部分耦合子系统最小二乘迭代辨识方法.进一步结合数据滤波技术,研究了多变量方程误差自回归滑动平均系统的子系统梯度迭代辨识方法、部分耦合（子系统）梯度迭代辨识方法、部分耦合子系统最小二乘迭代辨识方法.文中给出了几个典型算法的计算步骤.     

类多变量方程误差类系统的递阶多新息辨识方法

根据递阶辨识原理,研究了类多变量方程误差系统和类多变量方程误差ARMA系统递阶随机梯度方法和递阶梯度迭代方法、递阶最小二乘方法和递阶最小二乘迭代方法.进一步利用多新息辨识理论,推导了递阶多新息梯度辨识方法和递阶多新息最小二乘辨识方法.为减小计算量,推导了基于滤波的类多变量方程误差ARMA系统递阶辨识方法和递阶多新息辨识方法.讨论了几个典型辨识算法的计算量,并给出了计算参数估计的步骤.