岩石流变参数鲁棒辨识方法研究

基于室内岩石三轴蠕变试验资料对岩石的流变本构模型及流变参数进行辨识,是研究岩石流变力学特性的重要手段。由于受到试验条件和随机噪声的影响,试验数据中经常夹杂有异常值,采用传统的最小二乘法进行参数估计其结果往往会出现较大偏差。为了克服异常值对参数辨识结果的影响,引入统计学中的稳健估计理论,通过对实测的样本资料赋予不同的权重,采用双二次加权最小二乘法对流变参数进行估计。对比试验和计算结果表明,该方法能够有效地减小异常值对辨识结果的影响,在估值精度、收敛性、鲁棒性方面均优于传统的最小二乘估计方法。     

上海淤泥质粉质粘土的Singh-Mitchell蠕变模型

通过引入Singh-Mitchell应力－应变－时间关系方程,并结合上海淤泥质粉质粘土的有关室内试验,分析得出了上海淤泥质粉质粘土的蠕变形式。模型具有参数少、适用性较强的特点。     

大型倾斜楔体滑坡研究

基于工程地质水文地质条件 ,软弱夹层的微观结构与工程性质 ,变形机理的数值与相似材料模拟及变形监测与预测预报分析等几个方面 ,对一大型倾斜楔体滑坡进行了长期全面深入的研究 ,对保证矿山安全运营及防灾减灾起到了积极的作用     

滑坡时间预报的实验研究

在滑坡形成中 ,岩土体的蠕动变形历程与坡体的破坏时间有直接关系 ;对于具有明显蠕变特性的坡体 ,蠕变往往起到决定性的影响。以巴谢河流域几个典型滑坡为例 ,从室内蠕变实验出发 ,讨论了岩土体的动力学性质及有关的参数特征 ,重点研究了剪切变形速率与时间的关系 ,进而来探讨进行滑坡时间预报的可行性     

Fractal structure of the time distribution of microfracturing in rocks

Using acoustic emission data obtained from laboratory double torsion tests, we have analysed the fractal nature of a series of 29 granite microfracturing processes in time. The data represent a wide variety of timescales, stress environments (increasing load with a constant displacement rate, relaxation, creep), soaking conditions [air, water, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB), polyethelene oxide (PEO) ], and material anisotropy. We find that the time distribution of rock microfracturing displays fractal and multifractal properties. In some cases, it has a single fractal or a multifractal structure. In other cases, it changes from a single fractal structure into a multifractal structure as the system evolves dynamically. We suggest that the heterogeneity of the rock, the distribution of joints or weak planes, the stress level, and the nature of the microfracturing mechanism lead to these multifractal properties. Whatever the fractal structure of the system, a lower fractal dimension is generally produced at near-failure of the rock due to an increased clustering. This result concerning the fractal-dimension decrease is consistent with the conclusion drawn from the spatial distribution of rock microfracturing. Therefore, from the vantage point of observation of the time distribution of rock microfracturing, the decrease of the fractal dimension has a potential use as a rock failure predictor.     

井壁破裂与砼的徐变破坏

黄淮地区煤矿井壁破裂大都是由于厚松散覆盖层底部含水层失水固结,地层沉降,导致井壁外侧出现负摩阻力,从而在竖井轴向上形成附加的下拉荷载而引起。这些破裂始见于保护层砼的剥落,而后见壁中砼发育密集的竖直砂浆裂隙,砼中骨料因界面裂隙的发育而被剥离,砼向井内膨胀并呈现“假塑性”等。除这些特征外,从负摩阻力的出现及增荷过程来看,井壁破裂是在轴向高压应力长时间作用下的结果,它涉及的是井壁砼的长期强度,故井壁破裂属于砼徐变破坏。      

厦门海底隧道围岩流变特性及其特征曲线

厦门海底隧道是我国建设的第一条海底公路隧道,其穿越的F1,F2,F3,F4共4条断层破碎带,洞体围岩软弱、破碎,流变属性十分明显。对该类岩石进行了室内三轴压缩流变试验。试验结果表明,幂律型蠕变模型可以用来较好地模拟该类岩石除第三阶段蠕变以外的蠕变行为,并得到幂律型蠕变模型的相关流变参数。将幂律型蠕变方程和Drucker-Prager屈服准则相耦合来描述岩体的非线性黏弹塑性特性,应用数值方法研究了该隧道围岩的变形特性及其特征曲线。     

冻结砂土在动荷载下的蠕变特征

通过分析不同试验条件下的蠕变过程曲线,探讨了冻结砂土在动荷载下的蠕变模型,分析了最大加载应力,温度及加载频率对冻土蠕变破坏应变,破坏时间和最小蠕变速率的影响.结果表明,当最大加载应力变大时,破坏应变增加,破坏时间缩短,最小蠕变速率变快;加载条件相同时,温度越低,破坏应变越小,破坏时间越长,最小蠕变速率越小;加载频率变化时,最小蠕变速率的变化无明显规律,都在一个量级范围内,当频率变大时,最小蠕变速率略有变小的趋势.频率增加,破坏时间缩短,破坏应变减小.频率小于7Hz时,频率对破坏应变和破坏时间影响较大,而当频率大于7Hz时,随频率加快,破坏时间和破坏应变只略有减小.     

流体作用下石榴石溶解-沉淀蠕变过程——以红河-哀牢山剪切带内石榴夕线片麻岩研究为例

石榴夕线片麻岩是中、下地壳主要组成岩石之一,岩石内石榴石和夕线石的结晶学优选方位会显著影响地壳深部流变性质,因此探讨特征变质矿物的变形机制和主要受控因素对构造带深部演化过程有深远意义.本文选取红河-哀牢山韧性剪切带内石榴夕线片麻岩为研究对象,通过定向切片内显微构造、电子探针、X-ray成分扫描、电子背散射衍射(EBSD...     

Creep processes in landslides

Displacement of landslide blocks after initial slope failure can be very slow. In most cases movement of the blocks is attributed to sliding along a well-defined slip surface. It is discussed here whether, in addition to these so-called plastic movements, (continuous) creep processes are involved in the slow displacement. The study was carried out in the downstream part of the Bonne valley in the French Alps, where landslide complexes have developed in varved clay material. Displacements of landslide blocks were measured during a period of three years. Inclinometer measurements in flexible tubes showed that a creep zone developed above the slip surface in a zone about 1 m thick. These field observations on creep processes were supported by soil mechanical analysis. Threshold values for creep found in the laboratory nearly coincide with threshold values calculated from a field creep model developed by Ter-Stepanian. During the measuring period ±15 per cent of the displacement of the blocks possibly occurred via continuous creep.