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1.
2.
Variation of infiltration rate through karstic surfaces due to land use changes: A case study in Murgia (SE-Italy) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Filomena Canora M. Dolores Fidelibus Antonella Sciortino Giuseppe Spilotro 《Engineering Geology》2008,99(3-4):210
Groundwaters of the Murgia carbonate aquifer represent the main groundwater resource of the Apulia region (SE Italy). In the highlands (Alta Murgia) karst crops out in different forms and textures which have been preserved up to the 1970s: little evolved agriculture and sheep rearing produced only a marginal modification of the epikarst while a high degree of division into parcels by drystone walls helped in preserving soils from erosion. In the last years the original scenery of the Alta Murgia changed due to widespread transformations of surface karstic textures for agricultural purposes, with undeniable negative consequences on the hydrogeological balance, concerning both the infiltration and the runoff terms. Stone shattering led to flattening and deep alteration of a large part of the original karstic landscape and to demolition of drystone walls.In a study area of about 139 km2 located in the Alta Murgia, the comparison of aerial photos related to the period 1950–2001 indicated that stone shattering had occurred for about 42% of the area.The hydrological behaviour of the first soil layer of experimental parcels representing both shattered stone and natural karstic surface textures was analysed by using the numerical model Hydrus-2D with the aim of estimating the variation on infiltration rate due to stone shattering. Intensive field and laboratory measurements concerned soil texture, soil water content, pressure head, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pan evaporation and meteorological parameters. 相似文献
3.
Effect of Inter-Column Spacing on Soil Stresses due to Vibro-Installed Stone Columns: Interesting Findings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hesham Elshazly Mohamed Elkasabgy Azza Elleboudy 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(2):225-236
This paper reveals the interesting relation between the inter-column spacing and the corresponding alteration of soil state
of stresses due to the vibro-installation technique. This relation is inferred from analyses for load settlement records of
various field load tests, performed for stone columns arrangements with different inter-column spacing values. In order to
have adequate confidence in the findings, a well-documented case history, involving three columns patterns along with their
relevant field and laboratory test results, is utilized for this study. Moreover, a well-tested finite element model, capable
of simulating both elasto-plastic and time dependent soil deformations as well as pore water pressure building and dissipation,
is employed in the analysis. Instead of determining the soil response to the test load, based on known initial soil stresses
and material properties, the analysis is inversely posed to determine the soil initial stresses, based on the recorded settlements
and the post-installation material properties. The alteration in the soil state of stress is represented by the increase in
the post-installation horizontal to vertical stress ratio, K*, as a function of the inter-column spacing. It is found that this alteration experiences a systematic decrease in its magnitude
as the inter-column spacing increases. 相似文献
4.
F. Bella P. F. Biagi M. Caputo G. Della Monica A. Ermini P. V. Manjgaladze V. Sgrigna D. O. Zilpimiani 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,144(2):277-300
Daily averaged tilt component data from two sites of the Central Apennines (Italy) and of the Southern Caucasus (Georgia), respectively, revealed intermediate-term tilts as possible precursors to earthquakes (M=3.0÷4.7) which occurred in the above-mentioned seismic areas within a distance of 50 km from the sites. A good temporal correlation as well as a fair spatial correspondence between these residual tilts (with amplitude and duration of some microradians and months, respectively) and main shocks were pointed out, by removing both secular trends and seasonal thermoelastic effects from the raw tilts. An attempt was made to justify the above-mentioned results, based on the assumption that the observed intermediate-term preseismic tilts are the manifestation of aseismic creep episodes of comparable duration in the fault materials of thrust faults close to the tilt sites. The mechanism refers to a strain field slowly propagating from the preparation focal area to the tilt site, through crustal blocks separated by weak transition zones. This propagation is thought to be the cause of the local aseismic fault slip recorded by the tiltmeters. Previously, both discrete structures and strain propagation effects were revealed in the Central Apennines and are thought also to exist in the Southern Caucasus. As in the past, the rheological properties of fault materials are revealed as viscoelastic ones. In fact, creep equations obtained by applying several viscoelastic models on our data, proved to fit quite well some of the observed tilt precursors, producing viscosity and rigidity values very similar to those reported in literature.Professor Petr Viktorovich Manjgaladze died during the writing of this paper 相似文献
5.
M. Hamami 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1271-1292
The work presented in this paper comes as part of a research program dealing with the thermomechanical behaviour of rock salt.
It aims to study laboratory and in-situ long-term behaviour by means of creep tests with deviator and temperature changes. The laboratory results, using a triaxial
multi-stages creep tests, highlighted the strain hardening character of rock salt. Furthermore, the in-situ results, using a borehole dilatometer multi-step creep test, have shown that the drilling is carried out in a weakly stressed
pillar. The interpretation of the laboratory results, using the J.LEMAITRE law, did not indicate full agreement with all the
test results. As a result a ‘double’ J.LEMAITRE model, which takes into account a double strain hardening variable, has been
put forward. The validation of this model on the laboratory creep tests is very satisfactory. Furthermore, the activation
energy seems satisfactory to represent the influence of the temperature. The in-situ behaviour modelling is clearly more complex than the modelization based on laboratory tests. In fact, it seems that if the
rock salt behaviour is maintained by J.LEMAITRE law, it is necessary to vary with the stress, at least, one of the parameters
assumed constant in the basic law. 相似文献
6.
单一滑面边坡的非稳定蠕变模型分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对单一滑面边坡的非稳定蠕变分析是边坡稳定性研究的基础。文中对岩质边坡单一滑面的流变变形机制进行了分析,提出了一种能较好反映这一变形机制的非稳定蠕变模型。特别是描述单一滑面边坡的非稳定蠕变破坏阶段,并对其稳定性进行了讨论。结合一些工程实例进行了对比验证,为滑坡灾害的预测和防治提供依据。 相似文献
7.
Valentina Rocchi Peter R. Sammonds Christopher R.J. Kilburn 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,120(1-2):25-42
Understanding how the strength of basaltic rock varies with the extrinsic conditions of stress state, pressure and temperature, and the intrinsic rock physical properties is fundamental to understanding the dynamics of volcanic systems. In particular it is essential to understand how rock strength at high temperatures is limited by fracture. We have collated and analysed laboratory data for basaltic rocks from over 500 rock deformation experiments and plotted these on principal stress failure maps. We have fitted an empirical flow law (Norton’s law) and a theoretical fracture criterion to these data. The principal stress failure map is a graphical representation of ductile and brittle experimental data together with flow and fracture envelopes under varying strain rate, temperature and pressure. We have used these maps to re-interpret the ductile–brittle transition in basaltic rocks at high temperatures and show, conceptually, how these failure maps can be applied to volcanic systems, using lava flows as an example. 相似文献
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10.
禾青井动水位对断层蠕动与慢地震过程的响应初析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
以湖南禾青井深井水位观测的异常图象为例进行定性分析,发现动水位观测有可能直接反映出断层的滑动或断层的慢地震过程,前者可能为地下水物理参量的观测与研究提供亲折思路,后者则可能对震源物理学的发展和地震预报水平的提高具有特殊的意义。 相似文献