Generalized effective medium resistivity model for low resistivity reservoir

With the advancement in oil exploration,producible oil and gas are being found in low resistivity reservoirs,which may otherwise be erroneously thought as water zones from their resistivity.However,the evaluation of low resistivity reservoirs remains difficult from log interpretation.Since low resistivity in hydrocarbon bearing sands can be caused by dispersed clay,laminated shale,conductive matrix grains,microscopic capillary pores and high saline water,a new resistivity model is required for more accurate hydrocarbon saturation prediction for low resistivity formations.Herein,a generalized effective medium resistivity model has been proposed for low resistivity reservoirs,based on experimental measurements on artificial low resistivity shaly sand samples,symmetrical anisotropic effective medium theory for resistivity interpretations,and geneses and conductance mechanisms of low resistivity reservoirs.By analyzing effects of some factors on the proposed model,we show theoretically the model can describe conductance mechanisms of low resistivity reservoirs with five geneses.Also,shale distribution largely affects water saturation predicted by the model.Resistivity index decreases as fraction and conductivity of laminated shale,or fraction of dispersed clay,or conductivity of rock matrix grains increases.Resistivity index decreases as matrix percolation exponent,or percolation rate of capillary bound water increases,and as percolation exponent of capillary bound water,or matrix percolation rate,or free water percolation rate decreases.Rock sample data from low resistivity reservoirs with different geneses and interpretation results for log data show that the proposed model can be applied in low resistivity reservoirs containing high salinity water,dispersed clay,microscopic capillary pores,laminated shale and conductive matrix grains,and thus is considered as a generalized resistivity model for low resistivity reservoir evaluation.     

龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学

论述了龙门山推覆构造带、岷山隆起、成都平原和龙泉山地区的构造和地震活动，讨论了构造活动特点和演化历史，并分析了它们的形成机制和动力学问题     

东昆仑造山带纳赤台岩群基质地层发现中新世孢粉组合

东昆仑造山带纳赤台岩群是一套混杂堆积地层，有外来岩块和基质地层之分别，以往根据岩块中的化石将该套地层划为下古生代的奥陶系—志留系。根据笔者等的研究和野外调查，2006年首次报道了在菜园子沟剖面该岩群基质地层中发现古近纪中—晚渐新世的孢粉44属31种。本文报道的是在水泥厂剖面该岩群基质地层中发现的新近纪中—晚中新世的孢粉化石44属33种。新近纪孢粉化石的发现对进一步厘定该岩群的地质时代、分析其古环境及东昆仑造山带的形成演化等方面具有重要的地质意义。     

采用主成分分析方法研究降水对地下水位的影响

基岩裂隙地下水的井水位变化是一个受综合因素影响的观测量。 文中采用主成分分析方法, 分析了福建晋江青阳基岩裂隙水观测井2007年3~8月的地下水位观测资料, 并分别与降水当天值和降水累加值进行了对比研究, 讨论了两种计算结果。 根据计算结果分析认为, 基岩裂隙水观测井的地下水位对当天降水值的响应不显著, 主成分分析中的第一综合量主要为水位本身的得分, 而第二种情况得到的结果则分别反映了3~8月份逐月降水累加值对水位的影响, 说明降水对水位的影响具有累加效应, 并对5~8月份造成这种累加效应不明显的情况进行了探讨, 给出了逐月水位与降水累加值的逐月第一与第二综合量曲线。     

Influence of fines content on liquefied strength of silty sands

Critical state soil mechanics is a useful framework to understand sand behavior. In this paper, a relationship is developed for estimating undrained critical shear strength of sands based on the critical state framework. The relationship is validated by comparison with laboratory test results and sand liquefied strength from field liquefaction failure case histories. Using this relationship, the influence of fines content on undrained critical shear strength is studied for different combinations of effective stress and density. The parametric study indicates that depending on soil void ratio, effective stress, and the shape and mineralogy of the fine particles, undrained critical strength may increase, remain the same, or decrease as the amount of fines content increases. Both the susceptibility to liquefaction and the severity of strain-softening are affected by adding fines. It is suggested that the critical state parameter is inadequate for describing the behavior of liquefiable sands and sand shearing-compressibility should be taken into account in liquefaction analysis.     

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基于浸润线矩阵的尾矿坝稳定性分析

由于尾矿坝的渗流边界条件极为复杂,采用的二维简化理论分析法的计算结果有可能与实测浸润线的结果相差较大,急需一种能较为准确预测尾矿坝浸润线位置的简易算法。在深入剖析尾矿坝浸润线影响因素的基础上,建立了浸润线叠加影响函数,归纳出与尾矿坝坝体特征相关的阶段影响因子,提出反映阶段影响因子的浸润线矩阵。运用多项式回归分析浸润线观测数据,拟合得出浸润线观测孔水位与库水位的函数曲线,求得尾矿坝浸润线矩阵。     

Classification of radio elements using mutual information: A tool for geological mapping

A broad range of current airborne gamma ray spectrometry (AGRS) applications involve environmental mapping and mineral exploration. One common goal for such applications is the development of an algorithm for reliable on line classification of radio elements. In this paper, we propose the concept of maximization of correlated information as the similarity measure for classification. In order to achieve this similarity measure, we have developed an algorithm using the concept of minimization of mutual information, which is computationally faster, and requiring less memory than the hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) method. The minimization of mutual information is achieved by maximizing the correlated information of the correlation matrix. The correlated information is maximized by the determination of its lower bound using the technique of determinant inequalities developed by us. We demonstrate the robustness of our results using mutual information and its superiority over that of Ward's method of minimum variance for the aerial survey carried out in central India.     

A symmetrisation method for non-associated unified hardening model

This paper presents a simple method for symmetrising the asymmetric elastoplastic matrix arising from non-associated flow rules. The symmetrisation is based on mathematical transformation and does not alter the incremental stress–strain relationship. The resulting stress increment is identical to that obtained using the original asymmetrized elastoplastic matrix. The symmetrisation method is applied to integrate the Unified Hardening (UH) model where the elastoplastic matrix is asymmetric due to stress transformation. The performance of the method is verified through finite element analysis (FEA) of boundary value problems such as triaxial extension tests and bearing capacity of foundations. It is found that the symmetrisation method can improve the convergence of the FEA and reduce computational time significantly for non-associated elastoplastic models.     

X辐射取样技术的研究和应用

论述了Ｘ辐射取样技术的物理基础，对Ｘ辐射取样中存在的３个关键性技术问题：不平度效应、不均匀效应和基体效应，进行了系统的分析和研究，提出了解决问题的方法技术，展示了Ｘ辐射取样技术在金、锡、铜矿种的普查、勘探和矿山开采各阶段的应用效果。