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针对2006年5月24~25日一次暴雨过程, 通过一系列初值扰动试验探讨实际业务中建立集合预报系统的方法。运用45 km的WRF模式构建一个11个成员的集合预报系统来比较分析不同的扰动方案、 扰动的空间结构和扰动振幅对集合预报的影响, 结果表明: (1)初值扰动的空间结构对暴雨集合预报的离散度影响很关键, 而扰动振幅的影响却居次要地位。具有动力学结构的孵化扰动明显优于随机扰动。(2)集合预报比单一控制预报提供了更有价值的预报信息。例如在该个例控制预报中漏报的湖北监利强降水中心, 在集合预报中有20%的概率, 并且实况被包含在集合预报的预报范围之中。集合平均预报也明显优于控制预报\.例如矫正了在控制预报中明显虚报的鄂东北的大暴雨中心, 且集合平均预报的暴雨中心落在实际观测暴雨中心的附近。(3)集合离散度较好地反映了实际降水过程的可预报性。例如应用孵化扰动, 其离散度的空间结构同降水预报误差的空间分布大致对应。 相似文献
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双向卫星时频传递系统与应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
系统地阐述了双向卫星时频传递(TWSTFT)系统的原理、误差因素和结构实现,对系统的模块、流程操作进行了说明,并介绍了TWSTFT在国家授时中心的应用,最后提出了TWSTFT在我国的发展设想。 相似文献
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In this paper, motion response of a moored floating structure interacting with a large amplitude and steep incident wave field is studied using a coupled time domain solution scheme. Solution of the hydrodynamic boundary value problem is achieved using a three-dimensional numerical wave tank (3D NWT) approach based upon a form of Mixed-Eulerian–Lagrangian (MEL) scheme. In the developed method, nonlinearity arising due to incident wave as well as nonlinear hydrostatics is completely captured while the hydrodynamic interactions of radiation and diffraction are determined at every time step based on certain simplifying approximations. Mooring lines are modelled as linear as well as nonlinear springs. The horizontal tension for each individual mooring line is obtained from the nonlinear load-excursion plot of the lines computed using catenary theory, from which the linear and nonlinear line stiffness are determined. Motions of three realistic floating structures with different mooring systems are analyzed considering various combinations of linear and approximate nonlinear hydrodynamic load computations and linear/nonlinear mooring line stiffness. Results are discussed to bring out the influence and need for consideration of nonlinearities in the hydrodynamics and hydrostatics as well as the nonlinear modelling of the line stiffness. 相似文献
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本文扼要介绍了深层搅拌法的工艺技术及适用范围,对湘北地区的工程环境条件进行了分析讨论,认为在湘北地区推广这一施工技术不仅具备工程地质条件,而且有关十分广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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本文利用已有的随机放电参数化方案,结合四次探空资料,进行了12.5 m的高分辨率二维雷暴云数值模拟实验,得到了各种雷暴云电荷结构下的地闪个例,并就地闪击地点与空间电荷、电位分布之间的相互关系进行了分析.结果表明:(1)由空间电荷唯一确定的电位分布决定了先导的传播最大趋势,而闪电传播的随机性所带来的地闪击地点的不确定范围被限制在3 km之内,利用动态聚类法迭代得出的三个击地点位置之间的差为1 km左右.(2)负地闪的初始点与击地点的位置差主要分布在0~6 km范围内,且93%的负地闪分布在0~4 km范围内,正地闪的分布相对较广,0~3 km范围内占48%,3~6 km范围内占34%,6~10 km范围内占18%.(3)正、负地闪主要产生于离地面最近的一对电荷堆之间,其起始高度越高,初始点与击地点位置差分布越广;另外,产生于三级性雷暴云电荷结构下的正地闪,其起始于上部的主正电荷堆与中部主负电荷堆之间,由于下行正先导会绕过底部的次正电荷堆,因此其击地点与初始点的距离基本在6 km以上. 相似文献
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The approach of getting useful information of monthly dynamical prediction from ensemble forecasts is studied. The extended
range ensemble forecasts (8 members, the initial perturbations of the lagged average forecast (LAF)(0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800
GMT in two consecutive days) of the 500 hPa height field with the global spectral model (T63L16) from January to May 1997
are provided by the National Climate Center of China. The relationship between the spread of ensemble measured by root–mean–square
deviation of ensemble member from ensemble mean and forecast skill (the anomaly correlation or the root–mean–square distance
between the ensemble mean forecast and the observation) is significant. The spread of ensemble can evaluate the useful forecast
days N for the best estimate of 30 days mean. Thus, a weighted mean approach based on ensemble spread is put forward for monthly
dynamical prediction. The anomaly correlation of the weighted monthly mean by the ensemble spread is higher than that of both
the arithmetic mean and the linear weighted mean. Better results of the monthly mean circulation and anomaly are obtained
from the ensemble spread weighted mean.
Supported by the Excellent National State Key Laboratory Project (49823002), the National Key Project ‘Study on Chinese Short-Term
Climate Forecast System’ (96-908-02) and IAP Innovation Foundation (8-1308).
The data were provided through the National Climate Center of China. The authors wish to thank Ms. Chen Lijuan for her assistance. 相似文献
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Limitations Of The Tangent Plane Approximation For Wide-field Imaging Using The Mauritius Radio Telescope 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Mauritius Radio Telescope (MRT) is a Fourier synthesis, non-coplanar T array. The primary objective of the telescope is
to survey the southern sky at 151.5 MHz in the declination range -70° to -10°. Due to non-coplanarity, wide-field imaging and deconvolution of wide field images made using MRT are challenging problems
in applications of radio interferometric techniques. This paper discusses the usefulness and limitations of the tangent plane
approximation in transforming the measured visibilities to wide field images and in estimating the point spread function (PSF)
required for the deconvolution.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Cachar area, a part of the Assam–Arakan frontal fold belt in the eastern part of India is characterized by a series of narrow anticlines which are dissected by a number of faults including thrusts, and broad synclines. Out of several exposed structures, Badarpur anticline is most important because of its major share of hydrocarbon strikes in Cachar. However, the seismic image of this area so far has been extremely poor for deciding locations for exploratory drilling. The problems in obtaining a good seismic image in this area include proper spread configuration including far and near offsets to capture reflected signals from the complex subsurface, variation of charge-sizes and depths along a line, large variation in statics due to rapid changes in elevation and near surface properties. The presence of coherent noise due to scattering and proper migration are major processing problems. This paper deals with the problem of spread configuration. For areas of complex subsurface, spread configuration obtained through field experiment at one spot may be quite different from other spots, requiring a large number of costly experiments. In this work, therefore, we used numerical modeling to derive an optimum spread configuration. For this, we chose a line passing through four wells on Badarpur anticline, and prepared a depth model using available seismic, surface geological and well data. Continuous synthetic common shot records were generated through oblique incidence ray tracing and were processed to obtain stacks with various spread configurations. Comparison of these stacks of synthetic data shows that end-on shooting configuration is inadequate for acquiring a good seismic image of the complex subsurface. From the present study it is evident that a split–spread configuration with near and far offsets of 50 m and 2400 m, respectively, can bring out optimum seismic images in Badarpur and other anticlines in this area. 相似文献
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