Elastic response of catamaran wetdeck to liquid impact

The impact of an elastic plate onto the compressible fluid without free surface deformation is considered. The ability of the liquid volume to be deformed is geometrically limited which leads to severe impact conditions. The present analysis is focused on the stresses in the plate and the hydrodynamic loads under the impact. The motivation for this research comes from ship hydrodynamics, where the hulls of a catamaran restrict the liquid outflow and the water impacts onto the wetdeck. The influence of the air on the impact process is investigated. The analysis did not reveal any great advantage of utilizing the air-cushion effect or ejection of air into the water near the impact region to prevent high stresses in the elastic plate. It was found that in the problem considered, the stress peaks far from the plate centre and the one-mode approximation does not provide correct information about the stress level.     

太湖梅梁湾三维水动力学的研究──Ⅰ.模型的建立及结果分析

建立了一个太湖梅梁湾三线水动力学模型,模拟了框架湾的水平及垂直流场分布。结果表明：（1）表面流场与风向一致,而底层流场与表面流场的方向完全相反,表现为很明显的补偿流;（2）水平流速基本上自表层向下递减,过渡层的流速比表层和底层小;（3）在风场的作用下可产生垂直环流系统,其中在东南风的作用下产生逆时针的垂直环流（由南向北看）,而在西北风的作用下产生顺时针垂直环流;（4）垂直速度自岸边向湖中心递减,其量级远小于水平流速。     

长期稳定河口流路方案评价

分析了长期稳定黄河河口流路的必要性及可行性,阐明了长期稳定流路的思路,对比评价了几条方案,提出了流路安排建议。     

江西省新一代中短期预报业务流程介绍

按照中国气象局以数值预报产品为基础,以MICAPS预报人机交互系统为工作平台的思路．建立了包括气候背景、预报思路、天气会商、预报制作和管理5个模块的江西省新一代中短期预报业务流程,并重点介绍了数据转换、综合图定义、参数修改、网络改造等有关的本地化工作,以及包括天气形势描述、要素预报的人机交互修改、全省实况描述的预报制作和预报产品自动或半自动生成技术。     

固壁紊流流速分布指数型公式和阻力规律——(Ⅱ)过渡区

基于相似理论中的不完全自相似假设,研究了固壁紊流流速分布的结构型式。通过对壁面紊流结构的分析,进而给出了固壁紊流包括光滑区、过渡区和粗糙区在内的统一的指数型流速分布公式和阻力规律,并用尼库拉兹的实验资料作了验证。     

非饱和水分运动参数空间变异与最优估值研究

以野外砂壤土30m×30m空间的实测土壤参数试验为基础,通过对实测数据的统计分析得到饱和水力传导度KS及容水度C遵从正态分布,而孔隙大小分布参数α遵从对数正态分布。应用变差函数对参数KS和α的空间结构进行分析得到两参数的空间结构可用球状变差函数模型进行描述。根据Kriging最优估值理论,分别对两参数空间的值进行了估计,结果表明本研究的野外实测试验点的数目减少26%即可满足精度要求,同时与克立格方法相比采用协克立格方法对参数lnα进行估计,其估计方差平均减少6.87%。     

Identifying local spatial association in flow data

In this paper we develop a spatial association statistic for flow data by generalizing the statistic of Getis-Ord, G _i (and G _i ^*). This local measure of spatial association, G _ij, is associated with each origin-destination pair. We define spatial weight matrices with different metrics in flow space. These spatial weight matrices focus on different aspects of local spatial association. We also define measures which control for generation or attraction nonstationarity. The measures are implemented to examine the spatial association of residuals from two different models. Using the permutation approach, significance bounds are computed for each statistic. In contrast to the G _i statistic, the normal approximation is often appropriate, but the statistics are still correlated. Small sample properties are also briefly discussed. Received: 18 February 1998/Accepted: 29 September 1998     

Aerodynamics of Mountain Valleys with Varying Cross Sections

The influence of shape and aspect ratio of a mountain valley on the wind field is studied with the use of a two-dimensional quasi-laminar model. A vortex with the axis directed along the valley appears in the simulations. In addition, an air flow along the valley is found. The speed of this flow at the vortex centre depends on the valley aspect ratio (the ratio of the valley width to its depth). This speed is less than the corresponding wind component at the same height in the undisturbed flow if the aspect ratio is smaller than a critical value, and it is greater than the undisturbed wind component if the aspect ratio is greater than the critical value. The latter is different for valleys having cross sections of different shape.     

Evidence of a Mixed-Layer Dynamics Contribution to the Entrainment Process

The internal thermal boundary layer developing over the Mediterranean during a cold-air outbreak associated with a Tramontane event has been studied by means of airborne lidar, in situ sensors, and a modelling approach that consisted of nesting the University of Washington (UW) planetary boundary-layer (PBL) model in an advective zero-order jump model. This approach bypasses some of the deficiencies associated with each model: the absence of the dynamics in the mixed layer for the zero-order jump model and the lack of an inversion at the PBL top for the UW PBL model. Particular attention is given to the parameterization of the entrainment flux at the PBL top. Values of the entrainment closure parameter derived with the model when matching PBL structure observations are much lower than those derived with standard zero-order jump models. They also are in good agreement with values measured in different meteorological situations by other studies. This improvement is a result of the introduction of turbulent kinetic energy production in the mixed layer.     

NJ150型冲击钻在钻探漂石层中的应用

通过工程实例,阐述了ＮＪ１５０型冲击凿井机有钻探漂石层中得到应用,成功地解决了这个问题,它是长螺旋钻孔压浆桩钻探施工的一个补充,同时,它也改变了该钻机不能通过漂石层的原设计性能,拓宽了应用范围。