黑龙江宝清地区早古生代花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学特征

对黑龙江宝清地区七一林场正长花岗岩岩体、干涸沟口二长花岗岩进行了详细的地球化学分析和U-Pb锆石测年,结果表明,正长花岗岩与二长花岗岩的形成年龄分别为523.3±2.4Ma和523.3±2.3Ma,属于早寒武世。地球化学的研究显示,岩石具有准铝质-过铝质钙碱性碱性和高分异I型花岗岩的特点,高硅、高铝、富碱。属于轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损型;δEu=0.38~1.73,平均值为1.05,根据Eu的正负异常,将宝清地区的花岗岩分为2类,正Eu异常型花岗岩和负Eu异常型花岗岩。富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、K,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、P、Ti。结合区域构造背景与年代学特征,在早古代以前佳木斯-兴凯地块可能属于同一个大陆——冈瓦纳大陆,在泛非运动主峰期之后,由于陆块的碰撞,形成大量的早古生代花岗质岩石。     

拉萨地块叶巴组内中侏罗世双壳类动物群及其古地理意义

位于拉萨地块南缘的叶巴组内首次采集到丰富的双壳类化石,共计有１４个种和未定种。表明叶巴组的火山活动发生在中侏罗世巴柔期,中侏罗早期是新特提斯（ＮｅｏＴｅｔｈｙｓ）洋盆形成的重要阶段。拉萨地块上所发现的海相双壳类动物群具有东、西特提斯生物地理分区的典型分子,表明在此期间所谓的“班公湖—怒江海”未构成对拉萨地块和羌塘地块之间动物群互相沟通的地理障碍。     

祁连南缘柴达木山复式花岗岩体中部二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

文章对祁连地块南缘柴达木山复式岩体中部的似斑状二长花岗岩以及二长花岗岩进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学研究,结果表明似斑状二长花岗岩为富钾弱过铝质S型花岗岩,是杂砂岩在温度约820℃,压力0.8~0.9 Gpa的条件下,经黑云母脱水引发部分熔融形成,形成于同碰撞环境,时代为(456.2±3)Ma;二长花岗岩为富钾准铝质S型花岗岩,是砂泥质沉积岩在温度约750℃,压力0.8 Gpa的条件下,经白云母脱水引发部分熔融形成,形成于伸展背景下,时代为(437.2±1.5)Ma。结合前人的研究成果,认为柴达木山复式岩体是一个挤压到伸展等多种构造体制下形成的岩体。     

摩天岭褶皱带及邻区晚前寒武纪板块构造初析

摩天岭褶皱带位于扬子地台西北缘,主要由中、晚元古宇“碧口群”火山、沉积杂岩系组成。笔者认为:该套杂岩系在刘家坪—铜钱韧性剪切带以南,是一套构造混杂岩,属中晚元古宙“碧口”古洋盆消减、关闭过程中形成的产物;在该剪切带以北,碧口杂岩系则主要由一套弧前盆地杂砂岩系和一套钙碱性火山岩系组成,后者属喷发在以鱼洞子群为基底的南秦岭古陆南缘之上的岛弧火山岩系。晚元古宙末,由于介于南秦岭古陆与扬子古陆之间的碧口古洋盆关闭,最终形成了扬子古陆北缘晚元古宙碰撞型造山带。摩天岭褶皱带则属该碰撞造山带的超迭壳楔和碰撞混杂岩单元部分。     

松嫩平原土地次生盐碱化研究

松嫩平原是我国土地次生盐碱化最严重的地区之一。由于盲目开垦、过度放牧及一些水利工程带来的负效应,土地次生盐碱化迅速发展,每年增长速度达１％￣１．４％。到下世纪初将有４５％左右盐碱化土地退化为基本无利用价值的重盐碱地。主要防治措施有水田、芦苇开发和以藻代排的水利措施,改革草原经营机制、秸杆利用等草场改良和畜牧业发展措施,改土培肥、种植耐盐经济作物等农业技术措施。     

松嫩平原湖泊的分类与分区

松嫩湖泊群的湖泊具有面积小,湖盆浅,密度大,类型多的特点。根据“成因－水量－水质”三要素的综合分类方案,运用三要素的三个主导指标和三个辅助指标,简明地将松湖泊进行了分类。根据湖泊群的区域环境及湖泊主导类型与类型结合的区域差异,将松嫩湖泊群划分为６个亚区。     

摩天岭地块及东南缘地质构造演化与成矿作用

摩天岭地块处于西秦岭造山带南部,为一由玛曲－略阳断裂、岷江断裂及青川－古城断裂所分割的三角形地块,经历了晋宁期－喜马拉雅期多阶段地史演化,与扬子大陆多次分离和拼合。经过晚印支造山运动、燕山期伸展和喜马拉雅期逆冲推覆运动,铸成了摩天岭东南缘现今的地质构造景观。漫长而复杂的地质构造演化过程,为金及多金属矿产的形成提供了有利条件。     

Late- and post-Variscan cooling and exhumation history of the northern Rhenish massif and the southern Ruhr Basin: new constraints from fission-track analysis

Apatite fission-track analyses were carried out on outcrop and core samples from the Rhenish massif and the Carboniferous Ruhr Basin/Germany in order to study the late- and post-Variscan thermal and exhumation history. Apatite fission-track ages range from 291±15 Ma (lower Permian) to 136±7 Ma (lower Cretaceous) and mean track lengths vary between 11.6 m and 13.9 m, mostly displaying unimodal distributions with narrow standard deviations. All apatite fission-track ages are younger than the corresponding sample stratigraphic age, indicating substantial post-depositional annealing of the apatite fission-tracks. This agrees with results from maturity modelling, which indicates 3500–7000 m eroded Devonian and Carboniferous sedimentary cover. Numerical modelling of apatite fission-track data predicts onset of exhumation and cooling not earlier than 320 Ma in the Rhenish massif and 300 Ma in the Ruhr Basin, generally followed by late Carboniferous–Triassic cooling to below 50–60°C. Rapid late Variscan cooling was followed by moderate Mesozoic cooling rates of 0.1–0.2°C/Ma, converting into denudation rates of <1 mm/a (assuming a stable geothermal gradient of 30°C/km). Modelling results also give evidence for some late Triassic and early Jurassic heating and/or burial, which is supported by sedimentary rocks of the same age preserved at the rim of the lower Rhine Basin and in the subsurface of the Central and Northern Ruhr Basin. Cenozoic exhumation and cooling of the Rhenish massif is interpreted as an isostatic response to former erosion and major base-level fall caused by the subsidence in the lower Rhine Basin.     

Morphological and structural analysis in the Anaga offshore massif, Canary Islands: fractures and debris avalanches relationships

As part of the ‘National Hydrographic and Oceanographic Research Plan for the Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone’, multibeam bathymetry and seismic reflection profiles were obtained in the Canary Islands aboard the R/V Hespérides. The submarine flanks of the Anaga offshore extension of Tenerife Island are here studied to analyze its geomorphology. In the north sector of the Anaga submarine massif, the extension of the Anaga Debris Avalanche has been mapped for the first time, and a volume of 36 km³ was calculated. The relationship between the Anaga and Orotava Debris Avalanches is also described. Faulting has been recognized as a key process for the occurrence of debris avalanches and the growth of volcanic lineaments. Moreover, faulting affects previous structures and the channelling of debris flows. Structural analysis shows the typical radial pattern of an oceanic island. In addition, a NE-SW dominant direction of faulting was obtained, consistent with the Tenerife Island structural trend seen in the Anaga Massif and Cordillera Dorsal. NW-SE and E-W are two other main trends seen in the area. Special interest is manifest in two long faults: ‘Santa Cruz Fault’ bounds the southern edge of Anaga offshore Massif with a length of 50 km and a direction that changes from NE-SW to almost E-W. The Güimar Debris Avalanche was probably channeled by this fault. The ‘Guayotá Fault’ was recognized in several seismic profiles with a N-S direction that changes towards NW-SE at its southern end. This fault affects the more recent sediments with a vertical offset of 25–30 m, along 60~km. It has been interpreted as a transpressive strike-slip fault.ZEE Working Group**F. Carrillo^a, C. Maté^a, M. Ballesteros^b, M. Vaquero^b, J. Martín-Dávilla^c and J.A. Marín^caInstituto Hidrográfico de la Marina. Cádiz^bInstituto Español de Oceanografía. Madrid.^cReal Observatorio de la Armada. S. Fernando, Cádiz.