Emplacement age of the Songshugou ultramafic massif in the Qinling orogenic belt,and geologic implications

The Songshugou ultramafic massif is located to the north of the Shang‐Dan fault, the Palaeozoic suture between the North and South China blocks. It is the largest Apline‐type ultramafic body in the Qinling orogenic belt of central China, consisting mainly of dunite with a small amount of harzburgite and minor pyroxenite. We present new LA‐ICP‐MS U?Pb dating and trace element results for zircon from two garnet amphibolite samples in the contact metamorphic zone surrounding the massif. One was sampled ～1 m from the massif, the other ～5 m away. The studied zircon grains are small, anhedral, and display typical metamorphic characteristics of low Th/U values (<0.1). The U and Th concentrations of zircon range from several hundred ppm to less than 10 ppm. Cathodoluminescence images show two apparent generations of zircon, with lighter cores and darker rims. Core and rim ages however, are identical within error. These two samples yield identical concordant ages of 506±7 and 510±7 Ma, suggesting that the Songshugou ultramafic massif was emplaced at ～510 Ma. Low HREE concentrations and the absence of Eu anomalies in most analysed zircons suggest that the studied grains most likely formed during garnet amphibolite metamorphism induced by emplacement of the ultramafic massif.

To better understand the cooling history of the massif, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of amphibole from three garnet amphibolite specimens in the contact metamorphic zone and one amphobolite sample about 20 m away from the massif were determined. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages increase from 372±15 Ma (JSM‐01) near the massif to disturbed, unreliable ‘plateau’ ages of 474±8 Ma (JSM‐03) and 781±146 Ma (JSM‐04) with increasing distance from the ultramafic massif, showing limited heating during exhumation of the massif, followed by slow cooling. Therefore, the Songshugou ultramafic massif does not reflect the Jining orogeny at ～1 Ga. Instead, it was emplaced into the Proterozoic, Qinling Group during the Palaeozoic, probably due to the subduction along the Shang‐Dan fault.     

Age and origin of charoitite,Malyy Murun massif,Siberia, Russia

Сharoitite consists of gem-quality mineral charoite and subordinate quartz, aegirine, K-feldspar, tinaksite, canasite, and some other minerals. This rock type is known only from one locality in the world associated with the Early Cretaceous (131.3 ± 2.4 Ma, K–Ar age) Malyy Murun syenite massif, Siberia, Russia. Although charoitite mineralogy is well known, there is disagreement whether it reflects metasomatic or magmatic activity. In order to understand when the charoitites formed we attempted to date it by ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar incremental step-heating and laser ablation techniques. Our results show that the fibrous structure of water-bearing charoite does not retain radiogenic argon. Laser ablation ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar for K-feldspar and tinaksite from the charoitite yielded several age clusters even from the same mineral grain. The oldest cluster of 134.1 ± 2.9 Ma for the K-feldspar agrees with the age of the Malyy Murun syenites. The youngest age of 113.3 ± 3.4 Ma for charoitite K-feldspar overlaps with the youngest of published K–Ar ages (112 ± 5 Ma) for one K-feldspar sample of the Malyy Murun syenite. Tinaksite is characterized by a similar spread of ages (from 133.0 ± 3 Ma to 115.7 ± 4.3 Ma) within a single grain. We suggest that charoitites originated due to the interaction of metasomatic agents derived from the Malyy Murun magma and country rocks. Timing of magma emplacement and charoitite crystallization is reflected by the older cluster of ages, whereas the younger ages are due to a secondary process.     

佳木斯地块西缘太平沟地区蛇绿岩的发现及其构造意义

在进行1：25万嘉荫县和太平沟幅区调填图时,首次在太平沟地区发现蛇绿岩的存在.太平沟蛇绿岩出露在黑龙江省东部佳木斯地块西侧,牡丹江-嘉荫断裂以东,呈NE向展布于中元古界黑龙江岩群之中,并与其呈构造接触.蛇绿岩由超镁铁质岩类蛇纹岩、蛇纹石化橄榄辉石岩和变基性岩等组成.太平沟蛇绿岩是松嫩地块-佳木斯地块裂解的产物.蛇绿岩可能来源于俯冲带附近的由小型扩张中心形成的次生洋壳,具有LREE略富集的P-MORB特征,Nd、Ta的负异常,可能与俯冲作用有关.太平沟蛇绿岩的发现,对于研究黑龙江省东部元古宙板块构造、佳木斯地块的形成与演化提供了构造动力学信息,对寻找与地幔有关的金属矿产具有指导意义.     

吉林省松嫩平原氟中毒病区水文地质特征及防氟改水对策

阐述了吉林省西部松嫩平原氟中毒病区的分布、地下水中氟的来源及其迁移富集规律,从水文地质角度论述了区域地下水径流-汇水和富集形成高氟水的全过程.结合氟中毒区水文地质特征并通过多年的改水实践工作,确定了该地区的防氟改水对策.     

Visual Modflow在松嫩平原地下水动态调查评价中的应用

为了对松嫩平原地下水进行动态模拟评价,以Visual Modflow软件为平台,采用2008~2009年最新的监测数据,开展研究区地下水的数值模拟验证.结果表明,模型拟合误差的平均绝对值在0.5 m左右,VM软件能够满足地下水动态评价的要求,可以在大型盆地开展地下水动态评价.预测结果表明,目前地下水开采量的增长是不可持续的,应该设计更加科学合理的开采计划,保护地下水资源.     

松嫩平原湿地景观格局动态变化研究

在GIS和RS技术支持下,运用FRAGSTATS软件,研究了1980~2000年松嫩平原湿地景观格局动态变化特征。结果表明,松嫩平原湿地景观格局发生了显著变化,21a湿地面积减少了33.1%;平均斑块面积、最大斑块指数均呈减小趋势,而景观形状指数、斑块密度、斑块分维数、景观分割指数和斑块周长偏离度则呈增加趋势;松嫩平原湿地分布质心发生偏移,21a来向西南方向偏移了49.82km,主轴方向逆时针旋转了7.817°,表明湿地景观具有破碎化和萎缩的趋势。这种变化是在区域水文和气候波动、水利工程、人类活动强度、对湿地的保护措施等因素共同驱动下形成的。     

松嫩平原湿地环境问题及整治方略

松嫩平原湿地地处半湿润半干旱区,属中国典型的农牧交错区和生态脆弱带,以芦苇(Phragmites australis)湿地为主,是调蓄洪水、分配水资源、生态环境调节和小气候调节及农业生产的关键区,也是诸多珍稀水禽的栖息繁衍基地,分布着诸多国家重要湿地,因此对其合理开发利用及保护是实现松嫩平原持续稳定发展的关键。着眼于湿地的功能,从区域可持续发展的高度入手,深入剖析了松嫩平原湿地因人类不合理开发利用所面临的严重生态环境问题,并由此提出了可持续性管理及防治对策。     

辽宁板块构造特征及大地构造单元划分

利用板块构造理论,依据近年来1：5万区域地质调查及相关科研成果,对辽宁地壳发展演化进行了分析研究,提出辽宁地壳发展可暂划分为早前寒武纪大陆增生构造体制和中元古宙以来的板块构造体制.中太古代-古元古代发现了绿岩地体和古元古宙裂谷,因此将早前寒武纪视作原始板块,中元古代-古生代视作古板块,中生代以来视作现代板块.在此基础上对辽宁大地构造单元进行了划分.辽宁Ⅰ级构造单元为塔里木-华北板块.Ⅱ级构造单元为天山-赤峰陆缘活动带和华北陆块.Ⅲ级构造单元5个,分别为建平-西丰华力西陆缘造山带、冀辽地块、铁岭-清原微地块、辽吉地块及下辽河-辽东湾新生代裂谷.Ⅳ级构造单元16个.为清楚地了解辽宁地壳发展演化特点,对5个Ⅲ级构造单元地质特征进行简要阐述.     

Early warning research on salt-alkalization desertification in western Songnen Plain

Desertification is an environmental issue in the world. The salt-alkalization desertification land area formed by both primary and secondary salt-alkalization has extended in a large scale, which has become a significant eco-environmental problem. Based on the characteristics of eco-environment and the situation ofdesertification in western Songnen plain, this paper reports the analyzes of its formation in background and cause. An early warning system on the salt-alkalization desertification is established and the GIS technology is used to abstract the information of desertification evaluation index. Supported by the integrated technology of the GIS and ANN, the orientation and quantitative result of desertification are gained, which is helpful to the eco-environment protection and resource development in western Songnen Plain.     

改进型空间分析测算模型在盐碱地演化预测中的应用研究——以松嫩平原西部通榆县为例

提出了用于区域土地利用变化预测改进型的空间分析预测模型,以半干旱环境下典型生态脆弱区松嫩平原西部通榆县为例,用改进型空间分析测算模型分析了全县1992~2001年间土地盐碱化演化过程,并在此基础上预测全县未来29 a内土地盐碱化发展趋势。结果表明:(1)改进型空间分析测算模型可较准确预测区域未来某一时间点盐碱地数量与结构;(2)通榆县2030年以前将以非盐碱地快速盐碱化为主,其中低覆盖度草地和沼泽地是新增盐碱地主要来源;(3)随着气候变化和人类干预,全县土地盐碱化过程有一定可逆性,以轻、中度盐碱地向耕地、高覆盖草地、农村居民用地和城镇用地转化为主。