The influence of wettability on NAPL dissolution fingering

Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations in homogeneous porous media were used to investigate the influence of porous medium wettability on the formation and growth of preferential dissolution pathways, dissolution fingers, during nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) dissolution. As the porous medium became increasingly NAPL-wet, dissolution fingers grew wider and slower. This result was observed in physical experiments with 0% and 100% NAPL-wet conditions and confirmed with numerical simulations at these and intermediate wettabilities. A previously derived expression for an upscaled mass transfer rate coefficient that accounts for the growth of dissolution fingers was used to quantify the effect of fingering on overall NAPL removal rates. For the test cases evaluated, NAPL dissolution fingering controlled the overall rate of NAPL dissolution after the dissolution front moved 4 cm in 0% NAPL-wet conditions and 18 cm in 100% NAPL-wet conditions. Thus, even in completely NAPL-wet media dissolution fingering may control the overall rate of NAPL dissolution after relatively short travel distances. The importance of NAPL dissolution fingering in heterogeneous systems with spatially varying NAPL saturations, though, remains an important question for future work.     

地电场观测技术研究

在概要分析地电场及地电场观测系统的基础上，从地电场测量原理出发，着重研究地电场观测系统的各个关键技术环节（包括Pb-PbCl2固体不极化电极、ZD9A地电场仪等）的工作原理、技术指标、工作方式以及系统连接等，并地电场试验观测台网产出的数据进行相应的分析，地电场是一个重要的地球物理场，已获得的各种观测资料表明，基于“ZD9A地电场仪”的地电场观测网，真正记录到了地球表面的地电场及地空变化，地电场观测系统将为进一步开展地球电磁学的综合观测和研究提供技术上的支持。     

南阳盆地特殊震相研究

南阳盆地内发生的地震在仪器记录图上与其他地震波形有所不同,在直达横波正常出现后立即开始衰减,紧接着二次出现大振幅、大周期波形。对此进行了分析,证明在南阳地区地壳中存在一个硬度较大的界面,地震波到达该界面时发生反射,反射波与直达波叠加,即出现了第二个较大振幅的波形。     

GPS天线相位中心变化精确检测试验研究

天线相位中心误差是高精度地壳形变监测中制约定位精度的重要误差源,天线相位中心改正已成为提高观测精度的有效手段.文中对基于精密测量机器人的GPS天线相位中心变化精确检测方法进行了试验研究,并对试验数据进行初步分析,得到的天线平面校正精度约为2mm,高程方向校正精度约为3mm.研究结果表明,天线相位中心的精确校正除了可以提高GPS测量定位精度之外,还可为中国自主北斗导航系统提供精确的天线相位中心校正参数,推动北斗导航系统在高精度地壳形变监测领域的应用.     

相位张量分析约束下的大地电磁测深阻抗张量分解方法研究

由于浅部、局部不均匀三维异常体的影响,大地电磁测深(Magnetotelluric,MT)观测数据往往需要进行畸变校正.本文针对相位张量不受局部电场畸变影响的特点,研究相位张量分析约束下的大地电磁测深(MT)阻抗张量GB(Groom-Bailey)分解方法.分析由相位张量得到的相关参数,结合初步电性结构维性判断及二维或近似二维电性结构条件下电性主轴方向等信息,设计较合理的GB阻抗张量分解初始模型,提高GB算法的稳定性及可靠性.同时,在传统GB分解求解模型的基础上,将各向异性参数引入目标函数,并采用共轭梯度法进行模型的最优化求解.理论数据计算结果表明,MT阻抗张量GB分解方法的计算结果,依赖于初始模型中电性主轴角、阻抗张量值等参数的选择,相位张量分析约束下的GB分解方法能有效改善算法的稳定性和计算结果的可靠性.此外,研究表明,在合理的初始模型选择下,较之传统的GB分解方法,尽管各向异性参数仍旧无法求出,但带各向异性参数的GB分解方法在计算效率和结果可靠性方面均具有一定的优势.选择实际大地电磁测深点数据进行方法验证,取得了理想的电性分析结果.     

内蒙古形变台网监测效能分析及基于M2波的量化评定

在对内蒙古形变台网观测环境、观测系统、观测质量、预报与应用、观测效能各方面综合评价监测效能的基础上,对观测资料的精度进行了延续性评定。客观准确评定、计算观测资料序列的精度指标是为了更好地使用资料和维护系统的正常运行。以M2波潮汐因子为基础对观测资料做量化评定,更注重观测手段的科学性与在地震监测中的实用性。     

纵横波初至的相位关系及全波测并的意义(英文)

本文描述了在全波实验中所见到的三种现象,即:1.纵横波初至的振幅(绝对值)具有相同的变化规律;2.纵横波初至的相位彼此总是反向的;3.纵横波初至的振幅变化周期为2π。经过充分的分析和解释指出这些现象应该出现在全波测井条件下,从而为利用相位差从全波中提取有用的信息奠定了基础。     

Shear wave anisotropy in D＂ region beneath the western Pacific

Using seismic shear phases from 47 Tonga-Fiji and its adjacent region events recorded by the CENC and IRIS, and from 26 northeast Asia and north Pacific events recorded by IRIS, we studied the shear wave anisotropy in D" region beneath the western Pacific utilizing the ScS-S differential travel time method and obtained the splitting time values between the radial and transverse components of each ScS wave corresponding to each core-mantle boundary (CMB) reflection point. We found that most shear waves involved horizontally polarized shear wave components traveling faster than vertically polarized shear wave components through the D" region. The splitting time values of ScS wave range from ?0.91 s to 3.21 s with an average value of 1.1 s. The strength of anisotropy varies from ?0.45% to 1.56% with an average value of 0.52%. The observations and analyses show that in the D" region beneath the western Pacific the lateral flow is expected to be dominant and the vertical transverse isotropy may be the main anisotropic structure. This structure feature may be explained by the shape preferred orientation of the CMB chemical reaction products or partial melt and the lattice preferred orientation of the lower mantle materials caused by the lateral flow at lowermost mantle.