长城土遗址车辆振动效应测试分析

以甘肃永登至古浪高速公路天祝段的长城土遗址为例,对各类车辆所产生的振动情况进行了分析测试,获得了不同距离处长城土遗址不同方向的振动加速度和速度,较好地反映了车辆载重、车速、场地条件等因素对振动效应的影响,为长城土遗址的防护提供了重要依据。     

土氡测量在广从断裂探测中的初步应用

在广从断裂带共布置5条氡气测量剖面,利用FD-3017RaA和CDI-2000两种氡探测仪快速测定其浓度,得到土氡含量曲线图和等值线图,并分析氡异常曲线的特征,得到如下结论:广从断裂上土壤氡具有明显的峰值异常特征,通过异常峰值位置能很好地圈定断裂或隐伏断裂的位置和断裂带的宽度;利用峰值异常的几何形态能很好地判断断层的倾...     

碎石桩加固饱和粉土地基的抗液化特性

除饱和砂土液化外,饱和粉土地震液化问题也是岩土地震工程中一个重要的研究课题。饱和粉土地基的地震液化及变形可以采用多种地基加固方法防治,碎石桩技术是常用方法之一。碎石桩复合地基的抗液化效应,主要是增加桩周土体的密度、利于桩体的排水以及由桩体分担地震水平剪应力（桩体减震作用）。但由于粉土的土质特性,粉土-碎石桩复合地基的抗液化特性与砂土有着明显的差异。本文结合目前国内外碎石桩复合地基抗液化研究的最新进展,对粉土-碎石桩的密实、排水减压和减震作用做了较详细的评述,最后提出了关于碎石柱复合地基抗液化特性需要进一步研究的问题。     

邢台地区隐伏断裂地球化学探测

本文利用土壤气氡方法对邢台地区5条隐伏断裂的重点地段进行了12个剖面的定位探测。结果发现,断裂带中地球脱气现象十分强烈,而远离断裂地球脱气则迅速减弱。在12个测量剖面中,A级异常点(段)有9个。经过数据处理和对比分析,在排除可能的干扰因素的基础上,应用气氡异常给出了5条目标隐伏断裂在地面延伸的较精确的位置。     

Numerical analysis of an embankment built on soft soil reinforced with deep mixing columns: Parametric study

The behaviour of an embankment built on normally consolidated soft soil reinforced with deep mixing columns is studied using a coupled soil–water formulation. The numerical predictions are analysed in terms of settlements, increments in vertical effective stresses and excess pore pressures. Firstly, the effectiveness of the use of deep mixing columns is studied. Afterwards, a parametric analysis is performed to study the influence on the soil-columns system of the replacement ratio (columns’ spacing), the deformability of the embankment and columns, and the coefficient of vertical permeability of the columns.     

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the direct simple shear test

This paper investigates two aspect of the direct simple shear (DSS) using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Firstly, the different total stress paths followed by DDS devices that impose constant cross-sectional area using a stiff external boundary, and those that use a constant total stress lateral boundary condition are explored. This is done by conducting finite element analysis of a single cubic element. It is shown that this element may be subjected to perfect simple shear using four different boundary condition types. Each boundary condition type results in the same effective stress path, but different total stress paths and excess pore pressures. The boundary condition types are related to DSS devices in use. The second aspect investigated is the fact that no DSS device can impose true simple shear conditions, as they are unable to generate the required complementary shear stress on the vertical boundaries. Full three-dimensional finite element analysis of a UWA/Berkeley type simple shear device, which has a constant total stress lateral boundary, is then presented. The results are compared to the ideal solution and effects of stress non-homogeneity on the friction angle and undrained shear strength, deduced from a standard interpretation, are established.     

Determining the anthropogenic contribution of heavy metal accumulations around a typical industrial town: Xushe,China

Industrial emissions are the major sources of heavy metal pollutions. This study investigates the anthropogenic contribution of heavy metal accumulation surrounding an industrial town in China, using the component partition method. Results show that Cu, Ni, Pb, and As have higher concentrations compared with their background levels and the industrial town has a significant impact on heavy metal accumulations in its surrounding agricultural soil. Prevailing wind direction may explain the difference of heavy metal concentration in different directions. Anthropogenic components of Cu, Ni, Pb and As, which decrease with distance following exponential functions, account for 11.4%, 6.2%, 18.5% and 7.9% of their total concentrations, respectively. The natural components are modeled as the functions of physico-chemical variables through multiple regressions. The accumulating processes of heavy metals affected by industrial activities could be explained by anthropogenic and natural components, and thus, it could provide basic information for further simulation of heavy metal accumulations.     

Distribution and speciation of mercury in soil in the area of an ancient mercury ore roasting site,Frbejžene trate (Idrija area,Slovenia)

In the initial period of mining activities in the Idrija basin (the16^th and the first half of the17^th centuries), Hg ore processing was performed at various small-scale roasting sites in the woods surrounding Idrija, by roasting ore in earthen vessels. The recovery rate of this method was very low; about half of Hg was lost, causing soil contamination and considerable amounts of waste material that could potentially leach Hg into the surrounding environment. The main aims of present geochemical study were to determine the contents, vertical distribution and speciation of Hg in soils at the roasting site at Frbej?ene trate in order to verify the extreme pollution of ancient Hg ore roasting sites in the Idrija area and to establish their significance in the wider spatial contamination of soils and aquatic systems. Soil sampling was performed at the area of the former roasting site. The organic matter-rich surface soil layer (SOM) and underlying mineral soil were sampled at 63 sampling locations. Mercury speciation was performed using Hg thermo-desorption-AAS to distinguish cinnabar from potentially bioavailable forms. The results indicate extremely high Hg concentrations with a maximum of 37,000 mg/kg in SOM and 19,900 mg/kg in mineral soil. The established Hg median in soil was 370 mg/kg and in SOM 96.3 mg/kg. Spatial distributions of Hg in SOM and soil showed very high Hg contents in the central area and decreased rapidly with distance. The results of Hg thermo-desorption measurements indicated the presence of cinnabar (HgS) and Hg bound to organic or mineral soil matter. A significant portion (35–40%) of Hg in the investigated soil and SOM samples was comprised of non-cinnabar compounds, which are potentially bioavailable. It has been shown that soils contain high amounts of potentially transformable non-cinnabar Hg, which is available for surface leaching and runoff into the surrounding environment. Therefore, contaminated soils and roasted residues at the studied area are important for persistent Hg release into the aquatic ecosystem.     

路基工程中的砂土液化判别与治理

通过现场标准贯入试验,对国道317线K205+700～K207+100段路基填方段中的淤泥质粉细砂层进行了液化判别.<公路工程抗震设计规范>(JTJ004-89)和<建筑抗震设计规范>(GB5001-2001)的计算结果均表明该砂层会产生液化.但前一规范的计算值偏大,在工程中建议使用后一规范,并以振冲密实法进行预防.     

PS溶液渗透对非饱和土的增强效应研究

特定模数硅酸钾溶液(PS)已广泛的用于我国西北干旱地区土遗址加固保护工程中,并且取得了显著的效果.但是PS对潮湿地区遗址土加固效果,目前尚缺乏成熟的理论和实验验证.本文从室内试验的资料出发,研究PS对潮湿地区土遗址非饱和土的增强效应.本次研究土样取自位于潮湿环境中的浙江杭州良渚土遗址(3000 B C.),在实验室内对...