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The objectives of this study are carried out a series of controlled large wave flume experiments using fine-grained sediment from the Huanghe River Delta, exploring the complete sequence of sediment behavior in the bottom boundary layer(BBL) during wave-induced liquefaction. The results show that:(1) The BBL in silty seabed is exposed to a progressive wave, goes through a number of different stages including compaction before liquefaction, sediment liquefaction, and compaction after liquefaction, which determines the range and thickness of BBL.(2) With the introduction of waves, first, the sediment surface has settled by an amount S(S=1–2 cm) in the course of wave loadings with an insufficient accumulation of pore water pressure. And a thin high concentration layer formed the near-bed bottom.(3) Once the liquefaction sets in, the liquefied sediment with an ‘orbital motion' and the sub-liquefied sediment form a two-layer-sediment region. The range of BBL extends downwards and stopped at a certain depth, subsequently, develops upwards with the compaction process. Meanwhile, resuspended sediments diffuse to the upper water column.(4) During the dynamics process of the BBL beneath progressive waves, the re-suspended sediment increment ranked as sediment liquefaction erosion before liquefaction compaction after liquefaction. 相似文献
44.
搜集并整理武汉主城区地震安全性评价控制性钻孔SPT-N资料,配合武汉市地震动参数小区划成果,采用规范法对各场地土层在罕遇地震作用下液化可能性进行判别。以液化指数作为分区指标并结合各场地坐标,绘制武汉主城区液化潜能分区图。分区图初步预测了罕遇地震发生以后,可能发生液化的区域及其严重性,且表明无论是分布面积还是液化潜能,长江右岸均大于长江左岸。通过与4次历史大震液化资料的对比分析,武汉主城区可能液化场地具有地下水位埋深浅、液化土层分布范围广、埋藏深度大的特点。 相似文献
45.
地震导致的砂土液化具有很大的随机性。据此 ,提出了评价砂土液化危险性的确定性与不确定性两种方法。确定性方法是以液化指数为变量的多因子判别分析方法 ,不确定性方法是概率分析法 ,即用概率密度函数判断砂土液化灾害的期望损失值。 相似文献
46.
全球冻融地区土壤是重要的N20释放源的综合分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
N2O是重要的温室气体之一,它是微生物硝化作用和脱氮化作用过程的产物。有多种释放源,其中土壤圈是重要的释放源之一。在影响N2O释放通量的诸多因素中温度是关键因素之一。本文根据土壤冻融加强有机质矿化作用,以及对微生物群体产生非生物应力的性质,结合冻融地区土壤和冻土带湿地所具有的特征,进行综合分析,论述冻融地区土壤是重要的N2O释放源。 相似文献
47.
Electrokinetic remediation of metal contaminated glacial tills 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation which studied the feasibility of using the electrokinetic process to remediate contaminated clays of glacial origin, otherwise known as glacial tills. An overview of the electrokinetic phenomena, as well as previously performed laboratory and field investigations, is first presented. The methodology of the electrokinetic experiments which were conducted to investigate the removal of metals from a glacial till is then described. A total of 16 experiments were conducted using glacial till samples obtained from a project site near Chicago. Sodium and calcium were used as the surrogate cationic metallic contaminants. These experiments demonstrated that ion transport during the electrokinetic process occurs due to both electro-osmosis and electromigration, but that due to electromigration is significantly higher than that due to electro-osmosis. Unlike other clays such as kaolinite, the glacial till used for this investigation possessed high buffering capacity because of its high carbonate content which prevented the acid front migration from the anode to the cathode during the electrokinetic process. The ion removal efficiency of the electrokinetic process was found to increase when: (1) the voltage gradient applied to the soil was increased, (2) the initial concentration of the contaminants was increased, and (3) the duration of the treatment process was increased. The ion removal efficiency was also greater for smaller ions which possess less ionic charge and when the ions existed independently in the soil as compared to when they coexisted. This investigation suggests that the electrokinetic process has significant potential for remediating glacial tills contaminated with metals. However, the properties of Na and Ca are not representative of contaminants, such as heavy metals, so further investigations are needed. 相似文献
48.
影响文山三七品质的土壤地质背景因素 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
应用农业地质学的理论和方法,初步探讨了影响云南文山地区的三七品质的土壤地质背景因素。结果表明:不同类型的土壤地质背景上种植出的三七,具有不同的品质特征。火山岩形成的土壤,种植出的三七,其总皂甙的得率高,碳酸盐形成的红壤,种植出的三七,则总皂甙得率最低,碎屑岩和碳酸岩形成的混合型土壤,种植出的三七,其总皂甙得率则居于二者之间。高钾的火山岩类土壤地质背景和高稀土的碳酸盐类土壤地质背景,是形成不同品质特征三七的根本原因,钾和稀土是形成三七不同品质特征的重要元素。 相似文献
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煤造石油与煤成油理论关系研究进展综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了煤造石油的研究进展。煤加氢液化研究结果表明挥发分、H与C比值、煤级、催化剂是影响煤炭液化的重要因素;对煤造石油与石油玩机成因说、煤造石油与煤一理论之间的联系进行了评述,现代含煤岩系煤成油研究得出的结论与煤造石油实践得出的结果近似一致,一些大油田分布带与大构造活动区带近于一致,由此使人们得出了类似于F-T法合成的石油无机成因理论。 相似文献