GPS姿态测量中模糊度搜索方法的确定与比较

GPS载波相位观测值作为高精度观测量在姿态测量中得到广泛应用。姿态测量系统中,基线长度可以通过提前量测精确求得。作为约束条件,可以用于模糊度搜索,提高模糊度搜索效率和准确度。本文介绍了传统的LAMBDA方法,且在此基础上提出了附有基线长度约束的LAMBDA搜索方法,并比较了两者的搜索效率。     

Pyrite–anhydrite–magnetite–pyroxene-type deposits and coexisting hydrothermal fluids in Mesozoic volcanic basins, Yangtze River Valley, China

Anhydrite–pyrite–magnetite–pyroxene–type deposits occur in the Mesozoic volcanic areas of the Middle–Lower Yangtze Valley in China. These deposits are hosted in alkaline basaltic rocks, and are generally accompanied by melanocratic and leucocratic alteration zones, both of which are characterized by a distinct vertical zonation pattern. Investigation of these zones indicates that the chemical compositions of solid solutions and polymorphs of various minerals vary spatially in the alteration profile, upwards from the lowest level, and outwards from the center.Here we report a case study on the Luohe deposit. In the melanocratic-alteration zone, the composition of magnetite (including trace elements Ti, V, Mg, Mn), pyroxene (Mg, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Al₂O₃), plagioclase (An_xAb_{1 − x}), pyrite (Co, Ni) and apatite (F, CeO₂ + Y₂O₃ + La₂O₃) changes with depth. The isotherms of hydrothermal fluids determined from fluid inclusion data, including homogenization temperature and salinity, also vary with depth.Activity diagrams were constructed from mineral and isotherm analysis to estimate the chemical constraints on the alteration-mineral assemblages and the coexisting hydrothermal solutions for the Na₂O–K₂O–CaO–MgO–FeO–Fe₂O₃–A1₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂SO₄–H₂S–HCI–H₂O system at 350 to 600 °C and 500 bars (50 MPa), assuming that the major alteration mineral assemblages along the profile reflect the nature of the coexisting hydrothermal solutions. The activity diagrams adopted the major minerals as buffers to fix the activities of the aqueous species in the system, simulating the physicochemical conditions of the magnetite–anhydrite–pyroxene equilibrium and of solid solutions of diopside–hedenbergite, grossular–andradite and anorthite–albite found in the profile.This study provides an approach to modeling the chemical constraints of coexisting fluids in ore-alteration zones based on field observations.     

Retaining wall optimization using interior search algorithm with different bound constraint handling

Along with the applicability of optimization algorithms, there are lots of features that can affect the functioning of the optimization techniques. The main purpose of this paper is investigating the significance of boundary constraint handling (BCH) schemes on the performance of optimization algorithms. To this end, numbers of deterministic and probabilistic BCH approaches are applied to one of the most recent proposed optimization techniques, named interior search algorithm (ISA). Apart from the implementing different BCH methods, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to find an appropriate setting for the only parameter of ISA. Concrete cantilever retaining wall design as one of the most important geotechnical problems is tackled to declare proficiency of the ISA algorithm, on the one hand, and benchmark the effect of BCH schemes on the final results, on the contrary. As results demonstrate, various BCH approaches have a perceptible impact on the algorithm performance. In like manner, the essential parameter of ISA can also play a pivotal role in this algorithm's efficiency. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国海相烃源岩发育控制因素

烃源岩的形成取决于生烃母质生物的生存环境和有机质良好的保存条件,这两大因素从根本上来说又取决于生物繁殖时和埋藏时的古气候、古洋流、古构造及古环境等各要素的良好匹配。海相高有机质丰度烃源岩的形成与大气中的中等含氧量、干热的气候、冰期-冰后期之交的气温快速转暖、冰川迅速融化所导致的海平面快速上升等密切相关。大洋环流的形成和演变也是控制海相高有机质丰度烃源岩形成的主要因素,上升洋流富磷、富硅、富铁族元素等营养盐和富绿硫细菌极大地促进了有机质生产力、埋藏率的激增。通过研究,建立了中国华南和塔里木盆地寒武系上升洋流分布模式、塔里木盆地上奥陶统良里塔格组台缘斜坡灰泥丘相源岩形成时的反气旋洋流分布模式。研究发现,优质烃源岩仅发育于被动大陆边缘背景下的裂谷、克拉通内裂谷、克拉通内坳陷盆地和克拉通边缘坳陷盆地。欠补偿盆地、蒸发潟湖、台缘斜坡(灰泥丘)和半闭塞—闭塞欠补偿海湾,是高丰度烃源岩发育的有利环境;低的无机物输入和低的沉积速率,有利于高有机质丰度烃源岩形成;呈斜坡的海底地貌,有利于烃源岩形成。     

基于椭球不确定性的平差模型与算法

测量平差模型中的参数通常存在一些不确定的附加信息或先验信息,充分利用它们可以对部分参数进行约束,从而保证参数解的唯一性和稳定性。本文利用椭球集合描述不确定性,建立了一个新的带有椭球不确定性的平差模型。以两个椭球交集的外接椭球的特征矩阵的迹最小平差准则,分析了不确定度的传播规律,给出了带有椭球不确定性的平差方法。最后,通过算例验证了算法的有效性,说明了平差解与带权混合估计的关系。     

一种基于空时联合约束的相对定位方法

为了降低机动环境对传感器网络自身定位的影响,提出了一种基于空时联合约束的相对定位(STRP)方法。Monte Carlo仿真表明,相对于STF技术,STRP方法降低了环境对定位的影响,自主导航定位的精度提高了36%。     

时空约束下的沙化土地遥感提取方法研究

针对辽西北中轻度沙化土地的区域特点和特殊性,通过分析其沙化土地的光谱特征、空间分布及时间变迁特征,研究了一种时空约束下的多光谱遥感影像沙化土地识别方法。在对沙化土地进行光谱特征分析的基础上,加入时-空分布特征进行约束修正,有效提高了沙化土地监测的精度和效率。     

时间域精细速度建模的策略与试验

速度在地震勘探中十分重要,压制多次波、偏移成像和地震反演都需要准确的速度模型。为了高效和准确的获取速度模型,基于时间域精细速度建模方法,利用疑似含气区的二维多道地震资料,针对初始模型、层位约束和基于人工速度拾取的速度反演3个方面开展了试验,探讨实际资料中时间域精细速度建模方法的关键点和效果。试验表明：无需人工速度拾取,时间域精细速度建模能够实现浅地层速度的准确反演,进而高效地完成浅地层速度异常的识别;层位约束能提高速度建模的效率和精度;在地层结构复杂区域,人工速度拾取有利于时间域精细速度建模。     

DEDUCTION OF CONSTRAINT CONDITIONS IN THE CALIBRATION OF STEREO-VISION SYSTEN

In the test-field calibration,multi-azimuth stereo image pairs areproduced of the outdoor large control-field by the stereo-vision system under cali-bration.While in the analytical processing,the relationship between image pairsis adopted as a constraint condition,which ensures the stability and quality of thecalibration results.This paper introduces the deduction process of the constraintconditions.     

新疆阿尔泰山的掀斜隆升及其构造制约

新疆北部阿尔泰山自渐新世以来,不断发生自北东向南西的掀斜隆升和右行走滑剪切作用,从而对额尔齐斯河、乌伦古河流域的环境,尤其是水系的演化产生重要影响.主要表现在:南北向河流的阶地高差自北东向南西逐渐降低;右行走滑剪切作用使水系同步发生异常弯曲;主河道向西南方向迁移,紧逼西南岸;河道两岸水系和河谷地貌发育不对称;现代地壳形变资料表明,阿尔泰山的掀斜隆升和右行走滑剪切作用仍在继续,由此引起的环境问题还将继续存在和发展.认为由北东向南西的掀斜隆升和右行走滑剪切作用是欧亚大陆阿尔泰山脉西南麓隆升的主要机制.