呼图壁地下储气库部分区域地表垂直形变机理研究

利用在呼图壁地下储气库开展的2013~2015年7期二等水准测量获得的高差数据,对由于地表气井压力变化影响而发生的地下储气库地表垂直变形进行了分析。研究表明,呼图壁地下储气库区的地表变形除了构造成因引起的盆地下沉以外,其他主要形变成因来源有2个方面：一个是呼图壁地区的地下水超采影响着该地区的地表垂直变化;另一个是储气库集采气期间井口压力变化影响下的地表沉降,根据计算,储气库每MPa气井压力变化影响到的地表变化约为0.625~1.125mm。     

Marine conservation policy in Seychelles: Current constraints and prospects for improvement

The marine assets of Seychelles are fundamental to the national economy through generating income derived from tourism and fisheries. Marine management institutions and policies have undergone radical changes since 2008, reflecting a number of drivers and initiatives at international and national levels. Through using the example of Curieuse Marine National Park in the inner Seychelles, we demonstrate how these are affecting marine conservation with respect to coastal development, governance of marine protected areas and livelihood security within resource-dependent communities. These issues are of significance with respect to the current and future viability of marine conservation and resource management in Seychelles. Potential mitigating strategies are suggested which could lead to more effective governance and conservation of marine protected areas in Seychelles and similar small island developing states.     

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基于改进的小子域滤波的重力异常及重力梯度张量边缘增强(英文)

针对利用重磁资料增强地质体边界在图像中的视觉效果和提高地质解译的准确性问题,提出应用改进的小子域滤波方法对重力异常及重力梯度张量数据进行增强处理。根据滑动窗口子域平均选择原理,探讨了改进的小子域滤波方法在位场异常数据含有高斯白噪声时,不同窗口大小对地质体边界的识别效果及其在具有不同边界延伸方向地质体中的应用效果。模型试验结果表明,利用改进的小子域滤波对重力梯度张量数据进行增强处理,得到的地质体边界形态失真更小,且受滤波窗口大小、噪声以及地质体边界方向的影响较小;对深部场源体,通过增大滤波窗口的方式,可以较好地反映深部场源体的边界。结合黑龙江省虎林盆地重力异常以及计算的重力梯度张量的处理实例表明改进的小子域滤波法较传统的小子域滤波法增强了对断裂水平位置信息的识别。     

The relativistic factor in the orbital dynamics of point masses

There is a growing population of relativistically relevant minor bodies in the Solar System and a growing population of massive extrasolar planets with orbits very close to the central star where relativistic effects should have some signature. Our purpose is to review how general relativity affects the orbital dynamics of the planetary systems and to define a suitable relativistic correction for Solar System orbital studies when only point masses are considered. Using relativistic formulae for the N body problem suited for a planetary system given in the literature we present a series of numerical orbital integrations designed to test the relevance of the effects due to the general theory of relativity in the case of our Solar System. Comparison between different algorithms for accounting for the relativistic corrections are performed. Relativistic effects generated by the Sun or by the central star are the most relevant ones and produce evident modifications in the secular dynamics of the inner Solar System. The Kozai mechanism, for example, is modified due to the relativistic effects on the argument of the perihelion. Relativistic effects generated by planets instead are of very low relevance but detectable in numerical simulations.     

漳州地震台阵背景噪声的特性研究

对2007年10~12月在福建省漳州地区进行的勘址观测数据进行了分析,采用了均方根、功率谱、相干函数等方法对漳州地区的地震背景噪声水平进行了研究。研究结果表明,漳州台阵内环半径参考值为510m,外环半径参考值为1700m。滨临海边的台阵勘址测点噪声水平偏高,并在1.5、5.0Hz处发现明显噪声源。1.5Hz噪声源主要来自水库地区的大风引起的水波,5.0Hz噪声源来自台阵场地东北方向的发电厂。     

新疆4次中强地震前小震震源机制变化特征

采用点源位错模型、层状介质速度结构,利用地震波垂直向记录的直达 、 波最大振幅,计算小地震震源机制。通过系统聚类,利用矢量合成方法,计算得到各类解的平均震源机制解。采用上述方法,针对2003年以来新疆北天山西段和中天山地区4次中强地震前,震源区周围中小地震震源断错性质和P轴方位的变化进行分析。结果显示,中强地震前2～3年中小地震震源机制解类型随机分布,震前1年表现出明显的优势分布特点,主压应力P轴方位发生较明显的偏转变化。     

气氡观测中的恒流鼓泡式脱气-集气装置研制与应用

利用20 cm不锈钢高压锅作为集气室,在锅的两边上、下分别打一个进出水孔,用15 mm不锈钢管道件连接,把进水口制作成高于锅内液面,出水口与锅内液面为同一水平面,形成一高一低,一小一大两个相对稳定的动态水平液面,在进水管中引入气泵输出气体,使集气室内进水同时进行自动连续鼓泡,把水中气体脱出,在输气管中接入玻璃转子流量计控制气体流量,进行恒流鼓泡。并应用于小流量冷水井气氡观测,效果显著。     

Impacts of hydroelectric power stations on Trichoptera assemblages in four rivers in NW Spain

In this work, we studied Trichoptera assemblages in different rivers in NW Spain affected by hydroelectric power stations, and assessed the influence of environmental variables on the distribution of species. Twenty sites in four rivers were sampled during eight sampling campaigns (2001–2002). The fauna was collected with a quantitative Surber sampler. In addition, several physical, chemical and habitat variables were measured at each site. A distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) was done to investigate the relationship between the assemblages and the environmental variables. Assemblage composition was analyzed by non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) and differences between groups were tested using the analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) considering two grouping variables, the river basin and the position of the site (location). The SIMPER routine was used to verify species contribution to dissimilarity. A total of 53 taxa of Trichoptera belonging to 16 families were found, 52% of which were Iberian endemics. The dbRDA revealed that altitude, conductivity, total suspended solids, temperature and location were the variables that most influenced the studied fauna. According to the NMDS analysis, significant differences in faunal composition were recorded between up and downstream sites and between river basins. The fauna seems to respond to a longitudinal gradient, but also to the impact of hydropower stations. The main effects we observed were variations in water temperature and changes in fauna composition, which may be due to the presence of hydropower stations.     

斜压大气中台风涡旋自组织的研究

文中利用MM5(V3),实施了8个数值试验,对斜压大气中台风涡旋自组织的问题进行了初步研究.结果表明:(1)在试验1中,没有引进一个半径为80 km的小涡旋,两个初始分离的半径为500 km的轴对称涡旋,一边互旋,一边相互排斥,两个涡旋中心之间的距离不断加大,致使双涡最终分离.(2)在试验2中引进了一个半径为80 km的小涡旋,其他条件同试验1,两个初始分离的轴对称涡旋一边互旋,一边相互逼近,经自组织形成了一个由内区和螺旋带组成的类似于台风环流的较大尺度的涡旋.这个结果支持周秀骥在十多年前提出的重要观点,也支持以往在正压框架内的同类研究结果.(3)试验3-8为在前两个试验的基础上取不同初始涡旋参数的敏感性试验,其中,试验3和4为引入小涡旋不同初始位置对台风涡旋自组织的影响,试验5和6为不同初始轴对称双涡间距对台风涡旋自组织的影响,试验7和8反映了不同初始轴对称双涡强度对台风涡旋自组织的作用.它表明对涡旋自组织过程影响最大的涡旋初始参数是涡旋之间的距离,其与正压模式中的结果是类似的.