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161.
主要阐述了GPS基线解算的基本理论,分析了基线解算中的质量控制。并利用TBC软件以某市新城区控制网计算为例,在计算过程中对基线质量进行控制,最后对控制点成果进行评价。 相似文献
162.
163.
This empirical and interdisciplinary study investigates the contribution of deeply enrooted social-political factors to the accumulation of exposure and vulnerability and amplification of cascading impacts of disasters, with implications on the creation and reinforcement of path dependency maintaining social-ecological systems on a maladaptive trajectory. Applying the Trajectory of Exposure and Vulnerability approach to Saint-Martin (Caribbean), we more specifically highlight how the causal chain linking historical geopolitical and political-institutional drivers to legal, economic, demographic, sociocultural, planning-related and environmental drivers, created the accumulation of exposure and vulnerability over time and contributed to the propagation and amplification of the impacts of tropical cyclones Irma and José in 2017. We find that historical social-political dynamics involving unsustainable development and settlement patterns, the weakness of local institutions, population mistrust in public authorities, high social inequalities and environmental degradation maintained Saint-Martin on a maladaptive trajectory through powerful reinforcing mechanisms operating both between and during cyclonic events. This study demonstrates that long-term interdisciplinary approaches are required for a better understanding of path dependency and the identification of levers to break it in risk-prone contexts. In Saint-Martin, breaking path dependency requires the alignment of local institutional capacities with national risk reduction policies, the promotion of social justice and involvement of local communities in decision making. This study therefore confirms the relevance of backward-looking approaches to support forward-looking climate adaptation. 相似文献
164.
The Task Group on Global Geochemical Baselines,operating under the auspices of both the International Union of Geological Sciences(IUGS) and the International Association of Geochemistry(IAGC),has the long-term goal of establishing a global geochemical database to document the concentration and distribution of chemical elements in the Earth's surface or near-surface environment.The database and accompanying element distribution maps represent a geochemical baseline against which future human-induced or natural changes to the chemistry of the land surface may be recognized and quantified.In order to accomplish this long-term goal,the activities of the Task Group include:(1) developing partnerships with countries conducting broad-scale geochemical mapping studies;(2) providing consultation and training in the form of workshops and short courses;(3) organizing periodic international symposia to foster communication among the geochemical mapping community;(4) developing criteria for certifying those projects whose data are acceptable in a global geochemical database;(5) acting as a repository for data collected by those projects meeting the criteria for standardization;(6) preparing complete metadata for the certified projects;and(7) preparing,ultimately,a global geochemical database.This paper summarizes the history and accomplishments of the Task Group since its first predecessor project was established in 1988. 相似文献
165.
椭球面上混合基线图形的缓冲区和等比例线问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析基于海洋基线的一般图形状况下,既适合国家法定且公布的各"直线基线"情况,又适合国家法定且公布的各"正常基线"情况的缓冲区和等比例线问题.指出在地球椭球上计算它们的复杂性,概括在这一困难工作上技术现状,分析流行的WL&WT方法在这一工作上的不足,最后,介绍地图代数相应算例. 相似文献
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167.
因瓦基线尺是国家野外大长度量值传递的法定标准器,本文通过对一组因瓦基线尺多年的检定资料、基线场的多次测量成果以及与维塞拉光波干涉仪测量成果的比较分析,论述我国野外大长度量值传递的稳定性与可靠性. 相似文献
168.
为了分析观测值的时间相关性对GPS基线解算结果及其精度评定的影响,分别利用两条基线的7d观测数据,顾及相关窗口中所有历元的时间相关性,以45min为一个时段将7d观测数据分为224个时段,编制了软件进行基线处理和分析。在忽略和顾及时间相关性两种情况下,采用不同采样率,对224个时段的基线处理结果进行统计分析。 相似文献
169.
Cardoso I Pais MP Henriques S da Fonseca LC Cabral HN 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(5):992-1001
The importance of establishing the ecological quality of estuarine systems has been widely acknowledged and led to the development of several fish community-based multimetric indices. Nevertheless, a question rose about the accuracy of these tools when natural disturbance is acting upon the organization of the systems’ communities. Four multimetric indices were used to examine their ability to differentiate the ecological status of five small estuarine systems (southern Portugal), and also to test if they reflected the level of anthropogenic pressures. Fish assemblages from Mira, Odeceixe and Aljezur (in the Southwest coast), Gilão and Bensafrim (in the South coast) estuaries were sampled seasonally for one year, and anthropogenic sources of pressure were identified and quantified. We found that although the applied indices provided information on ecological condition differentiation among systems, they are unable to explain different classes of ecological status in systems with equivalent pressure levels. 相似文献
170.