Shape analysis and multispectral classification in geological remote sensing

This paper discusses the usage of mathematical morphology in image processing of remotely-sensed data for geologic interpretation. Particular attention is given to noise-reducing transformations of spectral bands before and after different methods of classification, and to the usage of textural context. The development of a viable processing strategy requires a multidisciplinary approach and expert knowledge in different areas: (a) geology, geomorphology, and vegetation in a study area, (b) properties of the sensor for imagery photointerpretation, (c) spectral/spatial properties of the digital data within an integrated dataset (remote sensing and ancillary data), and (d) data-processing tools including mathematical morphology theory. Examples of geometric characterization of Canadian LANDSAT scenes are described in which shape measurements are obtained using a PC-based hybrid image-processing and geographic information system, termed ILWIS, which was developed at ITC, in the Netherlands. Classes from supervised and unsupervised classification are compared to guide in geological mapping. Classes over individual occurrences of broad vegetation-landform units are studied to aid in environmental mapping. Field knowledge is the context necessary to construct expert procedures to drive sequences of data-processing steps toward a target result such as optimal classification, enhancement, or feature extraction. The interaction between expert rules and the image-processing steps can be based on synthetic measurements of shape to quantize the information either spatially or spectrally. Many useful geometrical transformations of spatially-distributed data are extensions or generalizations of spatial analysis functions typical of geographic information systems.     

Economy,culture and environment: perspectives on the Australian food industry

Intersections between economy, culture and environment pose exciting future challenges for human geography. Part of Griffith Taylor's pioneering role as a geographer was to investigate relationships between these three aspects of human life, although his agenda was that of environmental determinism. This paper considers these intersections as they relate to contemporary geographical studies of restructuring, in particular the emergence of a genuinely global economic system since about 1980. Recent developments in cultural geography argue that geographical analysis of restructuring has been dominated by an economic determinism which has buried other stories which could be told about industrial change. The paper sketches lines of possible dialogue between economic geography and cultural studies, illustrating the argument with examples from restructuring in the Australian food industry. In opening such a dialogue, economic geography would be better placed to return to interactions between economy, culture and environment. In his day, Taylor was not afraid to upset the conventional wisdom about these relationships and this may be one of his most enduring legacies.     

世界全图数字化数据处理的解析变换方法

鉴于世界全图数字化数据是各类专业信息系统广泛用于空间信息定位的载体和基础,本文详细讨论了1:1400万世界全图数字化数据处理解析变换方法的正解变换模型、统一投影坐标系模型和反解变换模型,并给出了算例。最后证明,本文提供的更解变换模型的计算精度完全能满足地图数据库要求。     

遥感影像信息在澳门、磨刀门海域工程建设中的应用及其效益

本文介绍了计算机处理和光学处理相结合的信息提取方法并得到显著效益。根据澳门海域和磨刀门海域工程建设中的实际需要,成功地运用遥感影像信息为澳门海域工程物理模型试验提供了模型水流流态与原型水流流态相似性的验证,为磨刀门海域围垦工程提供了水下潜坝的动态影像信息,并取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

人机联作的智能化测井信号对比

我们建立了用于地球物理信号对比的一种人机联作的处理方法.对多种信号匹配的算法做了研究、改进和实现,把算法研究和人工测井对比的知识和经验进行归纳,形成基于规则的信号处理,并设计了层次化分解处理结构,实现多种算法的混合运用和数据驱动的算法参数选择.由于结合了相关资料信息和解释人员判断,信号对比问题才能更为适定.人机联作的处理模式以用户的参与来克服一些智能化处理实现的困难.实测结果证明该方法有效.     

彩色红外航空遥感技术在西藏农田非耕地系数测算中的应用研究与实践

西藏自治区的耕地多分布在藏东、藏南河谷地带,多数耕地地块破碎,形态各异,并且有大量的非耕地成分混杂其间,即使采用大比例尺图件,也难以测量准确的耕地面积。为准确查清耕地面积,在西藏土地资源调查工作中,独创地采用了彩色红外条带航空摄影,计算机图像处理系统求算彩色红外航空像片耕地样地中非耕地系数值和建立不同地貌、不同耕地类型非耕地系数检索表等系统的方法。该方法已在全藏调查工作中普遍推广,提高了调查精度,缩短了调查时间,大大减少了人力和经费投入。该项研究为我国山区耕地面积调查提供了有效的手段。     

微气象自动观测网

本文介绍利用计算机和通讯技术,建立局地网络的微气象观测系统,实现气象数据的自动采集、无线传输和集中实时处理。整个系统由一个中心站和五个(或更多)观测子站组成,是一个点到点的通讯网络。该系统为研究不同下垫面地气相互作用的观测实验提供了手段和方便。整个系统分两部份介绍,本文作一总体概述,第二部份说明数据采集和无线传输的具体实施。     

灰色预测系统在唐山地震前兆数据处理中的应用

本文应用灰色预测系统GM(1,1)模型,对宝坻等四个台唐山地震前地电、水化、水位、形变等手段的月均值资料进行了处理。结果表明:宝坻地电、管庄水氡、宁河俵口水位及牛口峪定点水准都出现了不同程度的震前异常变化,从而证明了灰色预测系统在地震前兆数据的处理中有着一定的应用价值。     

初论遥感与地图的融合

本文从方法论的角度论述了地理科学中的地图方法和遥感方法的共同特征,分析了二者之间的差异和联系,阐述了二者融合的两个理论问题(地图和遥感图像的综合与图形识别)和技术基础(地理图像处理),提出了为促进二者融合需要研究的主要内容及具体建议。