彩色电视副载波信号在卫星定轨中的应用（摘要）

即使静止、同步卫星有着标称位置，但由于各种摄动的存在会使卫星轨道发生漂移．而在许多应用中，例如高精度时间同步，必须精确知道卫星的轨道．另外，由于很少为时间传递、时间同步发射专用卫星，所以它通常使用以其他目的为基本任务的卫星，如气象卫星、通信广播卫星等．以往，这些卫星的轨道信息总是由卫星主管部门给出，在这种情况下，卫星的轨道确定不可能专门考虑第二目的．为此，应用部门为了满足自己的需要，在不影响卫星基本功能条件下，采用闭路动态技术来精确确定卫星的轨道．本文在简要叙述闭路动态卫星定轨原理的基础上，探讨了利用卫星彩色电视副载波信号测速进行同步卫星定轨的可能性．并给出单台站的某些试验测量结果．     

Image Filtering by Factorial Kriging—Sensitivity analysis and application to Gloria side-scan sonar images

Factorial Kriging (FK) is a data- dependent spatial filtering method that can be used to remove both independent and correlated noise on geological images as well as to enhance lineaments for subsequent geological interpretation. The spatial variability of signal, noise, and lineaments, characterized by a variogram model, have been used explicitly in calculating FK filter coefficients that are equivalent to the kriging weighting coefficients. This is in contrast to the conventional spatial filtering method by predefined, data-independent filters, such as Gaussian and Sobel filters. The geostatistically optimal FK filter coefficients, however, do not guarantee an optimal filtering effect, if filter geometry (size and shape) are not properly selected. The selection of filter geometry has been investigated by examining the sensitivity of the FK filter coefficients to changes in filter size as well as variogram characteristics, such as nugget effect, type, range of influence, and anisotropy. The efficiency of data-dependent FK filtering relative to data-independent spatial filters has been evaluated through simulated stochastic images by two examples. In the first example, both FK and data-independent filters are used to remove white noise in simulated images. FK filtering results in a less blurring effect than the data-independent fillers, even for a filter size as large as 9 × 9. In the second example, FK and data-independent filters are compared relative to the extraction of lineaments and components showing anisotropic variability. It was determined that square windows of the filter mask are effective only for removing Isotropie components or white noise. A nonsquare windows must be used if anisotropic components are to be filtered out. FK filtering for lineament enhancement is shown to be resistant to image noise, whereas data-independent filters are sensitive to the presence of noise. We also have applied the FK filtering to the GLORIA side-scan sonar image from the Gulf of Mexico, illustrating that FK is superior to the data-independent filters in removing noise and enhancing lineaments. The case study also demonstrate that variogram analysis and FK filtering can be used for large images if a spectral analysis and optimal filter design in the frequency domain is prohibitive because of a large memory requirement.     

小波变换的过零点特性与地震勘探信号的信噪比和分辨率

利用小波变换研究地震勘探信号小波变换的过零点特性，本文提出了用小波变换的过零点特性和地震勘探信号相邻道的横向相关性提高信号分辨率和信噪比的新方法．该方法包括两个主要步骤：①利用相邻地震道信号具有很好相关性，而噪音相关性差的特点以及小波变换的过零点特性得到有效反射波同相轴随空间坐标的变化信息．②利用奇异值分解和最小二乘（SVD-TLS）方法沿同相轴对振幅进行多项式拟合去噪并增加信号高频提高信号分辨率．     

ON DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF ENERGY FIELDS OF EXPLOSIVE ENHANCEMENT OF TYPHOON OFFSHORE

The energetics process of offehore typhoon in three kinds of explosive enhancement (T_EE) are ana lyzed using ECMWF data. The results are as follows: (a) During the explosive development process,the enhancement of the rotational kinetic enersy (K_W) is mainly in the lower troposphere while that ofthe potential energy (PE) is in the upper troposphere. The magnitude of rotational kinetic energy islargely bigger than that of divergent enersy (K_Χ). (b) The environmental energy advected into the typhoon was about 30% of the internal increment of typhoon energy. The magnitude of energy was an order larger than increment of typhoon energy. (c) Among those three kinds of explosively developed typhoon, the enersy transformation mechanisms are different. (d) The influence of environment fields onabrupt intensification of typhoons couldn't be overestimated.     

高原东部春季降水云层的微物理特征分析

利用人工增雨飞机和机载PMS粒子探测系统，对高原东部地区春季人工增雨主要降水云层的微物理结构进行大量探测研究。根据1995年和1997年共15架次的飞行探测资料，分析研究了高原东部低层大气气溶胶微粒的分布特征及其与大气层结的关系，着重分析了高原东部春季降水云层的云粒子、降水粒子以及冰晶、过冷水的一些初步分布特征。     

商丘地区高炮增雨效果分析

用不同统计单元统计分析了河南省民权县１９９１－１９９２年高炮作业的增雨效果，以日雨量为统计单元，３３个作业日中７６％（２５天）显著地增加了雨量，２年共增雨３２９．１ｍｍ。以月，季为统计单元，作业期间增雨显著的４８％以上，而增雨效果不显著或雨量减少的２１％以下，但总的看，以年雨量统计单元，民权县的人工增雨作业年均增雨１４％两年共增雨的１７２．２ｍｍ。     

近海突然加强台风能量场的诊断分析

用欧洲中心格点资料计算分析了近海三类突然加强台风加强过程中的能量学过程。结果表明：（１）台风突然加强过程中，旋转风动能的增加主要在低层，位能增加主要在高层。台风突然加强主要是低层的旋转风动能增加所引起的，它远大于辐散风动能的增加。（２）环境场通过边界平流输入台风内部的能量只是其增量的３０％左右，内部的转换量比增量大一个量级。（３）三类台风内部能量的转换机理不同。（４）环境场对近海台风突然加强的作用     

中等植被覆盖区金矿蚀变TM及JERS－1OPS遥感信息增强技术

本文分析了与金矿化相伴的蚀变矿物(铁氧化物、粘土矿物、碳酸盐矿物)的反射光谱吸收特征及金矿区上覆植被反射光谱对金矿化蚀变信息的干扰,同时介绍了利用植被指数法、比值-主成份变换法和植被掩模法对陆地卫星TM、JERS-1OPS等遥感图像进行处理,压抑植被反射光谱干扰信息和增强金矿化蚀变反射光谱信息的方法和效果。     

西安地电台环境噪声干扰的实验研究

对西安地电台周围环境噪声声干扰进行了实验研究，结果表明，环境噪声的衰减是很快的，地电测区避开企带来单位２００ｍ，环境噪声电平即可衰减１个数量级。只工作认真仔细，在大城市近郊能够选出较好的地电台址。     

多因素严重干扰区成矿围岩蚀变信息的计算机图像处理──以加拿大西北某地找金实践为例

本文从分析ＴＭ各波段图像信息特征入手，在冰雪和植被等环境因素干扰严重的地区，试验应用了图像掩膜、波段比值、主成分分析等技术，成功地从ＴＭ图像中提取了与金成矿有关的蚀变围岩信息。在此基础上，进一步研究了蚀变与断裂构造和围岩类型的关系，确定了金矿找矿远景区。