定西防雹增雨试验区对流云活动特征分析

用雷达气候学方法，对定西防雹增雨试验区５—９月对流云的地域、日际、强度和传播等特征进行统计分析，得出一些有意义的结论。     

速度光滑对反射地震信号的影响分析

光滑处理使得单界面成为非均匀薄层,界面反射转变为层反射.为了探讨光滑处理的影响,以平面波作为入射波场,首先利用过渡层反射系数推导了反射信号的理论公式,然后就非均匀薄层下反射系数的计算问题,给出了具体的实现算法,并通过与经典Epstein过渡层反射系数解析结果的对比说明了算法的精度.最后在单界面及其被光滑后界面的对比分析中,得出了几点重要结论：随着光滑次数的增加,反射信号的到时基本保持不变,而反射信号的主频与能量呈减少趋势,其中信号能量在低光滑次数的衰减速率明显大于高光滑次数.     

A Physically-Based Turbulent Velocity Time Series Decomposition

Single-point, three-component turbulent velocity time series data obtained in the atmospheric boundary layer over the ocean reveal coherent structures that are consistent with a model of a steady linearly varying spatial velocity field that translates past the measurement point at constant velocity. The kinematic model includes both strain and rotation rates and has implications regarding vortex generation, vortex pairing, vortex break-up, and stability. While the complete specification of the dimensions, spatial velocity gradients, and translational velocity of the linear coherent structure (LCS) cannot be made from the single-point, three-component measurements, the model LCS velocity time series can be determined from least- squares fits to the data. The total turbulent kinetic energy is used to find in the record the initial and final times of a model LCS in the data, i.e., the time interval over which a model LCS is passing over the anemometer. Maxima in the kinetic energy removed from the data (by subtraction of the model LCS velocity functions from the data) are used to identify the most-energetic model LCSs. These model LCS velocity functions replicate the essential large-scale features of the time series of the three-component velocity fluctuations, most noticeably in the streamwise component. The model LCS decomposition was used to perform a scale analysis of the data, which was compared to the usual Fourier method. Time intervals of model LCSs were found successively in the data, after subtracting the previous fits. This process resulted in a series of 'levels with a number of LCSs found at each level. About six levels account for most of the kinetic energy. The model also allows the computation of the Reynolds stress components, for which six levels also are sufficient. The recomposition of the time series on a LCS-by-LCS basis compares well with the mode-by-mode Fourier recomposition for the average momentum fluxes and kinetic energy.     

甘肃春末夏初飞机人工增雨天气系统分型

利用甘肃省1991～2002年飞机人工增雨作业资料,对春末夏初飞机人工增雨作业状况进行了统计分析;按照甘肃省的天气系统特征,利用探空资料,根据自动化“判别模型”的判别,得出甘肃降水的高空环流可分为三种类型：平直多波动型、西南气流型和西北气流型,其中降水类型以平直多波动型为多见。通过“判别模型”对飞机人工增雨天气系统的分型,结果表明,飞机人工增雨作业的主要天气类型首先为平直多波动型,其次为西南气流型。     

A useful tool for image enhancement

Image enhancement provides a means to facilitate information transfer without altering the image information. A plug-in for the commonly used image capture and manipulation program Photoshop is discussed as one useful tool.     

Multi-offset phase analysis of surface wave data (MOPA)

Inaccuracy in the shear wave velocity profile inverted from surface wave data manifests from both modelling error and data uncertainty. An alternative method for dispersion curve evaluation by weighted linear regression of phase-offset data can be applied to both equispaced and non-equispaced data for objective identification of these often overlooked error sources.From field data, near-field effects are noted to at most half a wavelength and lateral discontinuities identified by marked changes in wavenumber with offset. Transition frequencies to dominant higher modes appear lower than when identified from standard plane-wave transform methods. Effects can be discriminated by their frequency, position or offset dependence.When a non-corrupt dispersion curve is extracted, the errors are up to 5% at low frequency. Through theoretical Gaussian error propagation analysis, the resulting shear wave velocity profile shows up to 18% uncertainty at depth.     

新一代飞机人工增雨作业指挥系统研制与应用

飞机人工增雨的地面指挥是保证作业安全、科学作业的重要条件,为此研制了具有黑龙江省特色的指挥系统。该系统借鉴了国内同类系统的思路,吸收了其中的优点,突出了多普勒天气雷达资料的应用,决策子系统实现了作业预案的自动生成和输出,通信子系统利用嵌套在电子地理信息系统(GIS)上的实时雷达资料和卫星云图资料跟踪飞机进行指挥,随时根据作业云系的变化调整作业方案,改变飞行航线,达到安全和科学作业的目的。2年的业务运行表明该系统实用、可靠。     

中国人工增雨研究进展

随着全球气候变暖的加剧,水资源短缺问题表现得越来越突出,如何有效地开发利用空中水资源已成为人们关注的热点问题之一。本文回顾了人工增雨的发展历史,概述了当今国内外人工增雨的发展状况,归纳了各地区云状、积云特征、液态含水量、冰晶浓度等云物理特征,并在此基础上对我国各地区尤其是西北地区的增雨潜力进行了分析,最后归纳总结了人工增雨的常用手段、经验和检验人工增雨效果的方法。     

GIOVE-A initial signal analysis

In late December 2005 the GIOVE-A test satellite was launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) to secure the frequencies for the Galileo system and to provide a platform for testing the new navigation signals. We performed an initial assessment of these signals using the 30 m deep space antenna of the DLR ground station in Weilheim (Germany). The antenna gain raised the signals above the noise level, thus allowing a detailed analysis even without knowledge of the ranging codes. The present paper covers the analysis of the L1/E1 signals, which includes a discussion of the spectrum, the time domain signal and a decoding of the spreading codes for the Open Service.