Early Detection of Terrorism Outbreaks Using Prospective Space–Time Scan Statistics

Terrorism is a complex phenomenon with high uncertainty involving a myriad of dynamic known and unknown factors. It is and will remain a challenge to predict or detect terrorism outbreaks at an early stage. This research presents an alternative approach for modeling terrorism activity, one that monitors and detects space–time clusters of terrorist incidents using prospective space–time scan statistics. Such clusters provide indicators of potential outbreaks of terrorist incidents. To evaluate the effectiveness of the approach, we analyze the terrorist incidents in the Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism's (START) Global Terrorism Database (GTD) from 1998 to 2004. Clusters of terrorist events are detected at each time stamp and life trajectories of these clusters are constructed based on their space–time relationship to each other. Through the life trajectories and trends of clusters, we demonstrate how space–time scan statistics detect terrorism outbreaks at an early stage.     

基于多波束声纳数据与反射模型的水下地形重建

利用多波束声纳数据重建水下地形,构建高空间分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM)对于在复杂水下区域的物质勘探、目标检测等方面有重要实用意义.然而,多波束声纳系统直接获得的测深数据空间分辨率有限本文基于多波束声纳系统采集的稀疏测深数据(空间位置)和密集回波强度数据(图像性质)来构建水下复杂地形高空间分辨率数字高程模型.利用采集的...     

多波束后向散射数据地形校正的算法研究

利用多波束反向散射数据进行海底底质分类是目前多波束声纳系统应用的一个热点研究方向.然而,由于海底不规则地形的影响,多波束声纳接收的反向散射信号,往往不能够真实表达海底底质的性质.因此,消除地形对多波束反向散射数据的影响是提高海底底质分类精度的一个重要步骤.本文基于多波束系统的特点,在详尽分析了地形对多波束反响散射数据影...     

普朗铜矿外围找矿方向

普朗岩体外接触带,与热液活动密切相关,受构造裂隙控制,大脉状产出,可寻找大脉型矿体。而北部向深部寻找与斑岩有关的矿体;西南部则可寻找角岩化带矿体。     

Detection of deep water benthic macroalgae using image-based classification techniques on multibeam backscatter at Cashes Ledge,Gulf of Maine,USA

Benthic macroalgae form an important part of temperate marine ecosystems, exhibiting a complex three-dimensional character which represents a vital foraging and spawning ground for many juvenile fish species. In this research, image-based techniques for classification of multibeam backscatter are explored for the detection of benthic macroalgae at Cashes Ledge in the Gulf of Maine, USA. Two classifications were performed using QTC-Multiview, differentiated by application of a threshold filter, and macroalgal signatures were independently extracted from the raw sonar datagrams in Matlab. All classifications were validated by comparison with video ground-truth data. The unfiltered classification shows a high degree of complexity in the shallowest areas within the study site; the filtered demonstrates markedly less variation by depth. The unfiltered classification shows a positive agreement with the video ground-truth data; 82.6% of observations recording Laminaria sp., 39.1% of Agarum cribrosum and 100.0% (n = 3) of mixed macroalgae occur within the same acoustically distinct group of classes. These are discrete from the 8.1% recorded agreement with absences and nulls (>40 m) of macrophytes (n = 32) from a total of 86 ground-truth locations. The results of the water column data extraction (WCDE) show similar success, accurately predicting 78.3% of Laminaria sp. and 30.4% of A. cribrosum observations.     

SHADOWS合成孔径声纳系统及性能测试

与传统的侧扫声纳相比,合成孔径声纳系统具有全覆盖无遗漏扫测,测量范围大、速度快,图像分辨率高等优点。本文介绍我国引进第一套SHADOWS合成孔径声纳系统的技术性能,分析SHADOWS合成孔径声纳系统性能测试情况及实际测量中的应用价值,提出了存在的问题及其对策。     

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱分析石笋样品中多元素比值及45种元素含量

石笋样品的微量元素含量及Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca比值为高分辨的古气候重建提供重要指标。针对现有溶液分析技术易混合多个石笋微层、误差大的缺点,本文利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(LA-ICP-MS)原位线扫描和点剥蚀方式对比分析了石笋生长轴方向的Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca空间分布趋势,研究表明二者均展现出显著的周期性变化特征,且周期性变化一致,其中40 μm束斑线扫描更具有稳定性强、分辨率高、快速简便的优点。通过探讨碳酸盐标准样品MASC-3与玻璃标准样品NIST 610、NIST 612、KL2G、ATHO-G的相对灵敏度系数关系和元素分馏行为,确定基体效应是造成相对灵敏度系数变化的主要原因。同时建立了以MASC-3、NIST 610和NIST 612多外标结合内标Ca归一定量分析石笋中45种元素方法,针对石笋碳酸盐样品,将主量元素Ca、Mg变形为碳酸盐形式,与其他元素加和归一,不仅改变了国内外研究中需要预先采用其他分析技术来测定内标元素含量的计算方法,而且有效地避免了C元素无法准确检测的问题,能够实现与Ca内标法校正结果的吻合。     

深层砂泥岩储层继承性裂缝发育特征

西部挤压盆地内低渗性含油气砂泥岩储层构造运动期次多、埋藏深度大、泥质夹层多、高角度网状缝继承性发育,裂缝不仅是油气的有效运移通道,也是储层压裂开发效果的主要影响因素。选择西部天山山前某区块深层砂泥岩裂缝性气藏为研究区,以裂缝形成机制的探讨和研究为突破点,在岩心观察、CT层析成像扫描、成像测井解释的基础上,精细统计裂缝产状、开度、充填度,结合流体包裹体及古应力场划分裂缝发育期次,最后总结继承性裂缝的发育模式。研究结果表明,砂泥岩储层裂缝继承性缝的有利发育条件为多期次构造运动、低应力差、低逼近角度、适当泥质含量或低摩擦因数,岩性是内因,构造应力是外因。     

青藏高原北部地区b值短临异常特征

在青藏高原北部地区活动地块划分的基础上,以地块为研究单元,对1970年以来的b值进行全时空扫描,以研究其短临时间特征,结果表明,虽然受地域和地质构造的影响,各地块b值的短临异常与5级地震的对应率不同,但绝大多数地块的6值正、负异常起始时间、最大(最小)值时间和结束时间通常出现在震前1-6个月内。对其结果统计检验,本地块R≥R97.%的合格率为93％,内邻地块合计R≥R97.5%的合格率为100％,可信度检验率较高。