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31.
Sediment movement under unidirectional flows: an assessment of empirical threshold curves 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D. Paphitis 《Coastal Engineering》2001,43(3-4)
A selection of threshold data sets from previous investigations is used to re-examine, selectively, some of the empirical curves that are most commonly used for the prediction of sediment threshold. Simple analytical formulae are derived describing single line curves for mean threshold values and envelopes for the initial movement of discrete particles and the commencement of mass sediment transport phases of the critical condition.The complexity of factors governing the prevailing conditions at threshold, together with the randomness of events, limits deterministic solutions; however, the curves provide an approach that can be used readily in practical applications. In contrast, the envelope presentation is more of a stochastic approach to the definition of threshold. It recognises that there is no definitive threshold condition under which a particular particle size can be displaced, but rather that a range of threshold values exist.The empirical threshold relationships were derived on the basis of a relatively large amount of data. However, the sources utilised have interpreted the ‘critical condition’ in various ways, implying that the formulae must be treated with caution in applications. 相似文献
32.
本文讨论Bowen数的意义、功能和计算法。同时,依据多年水文气象实测资料作统计,计算出东中国海的Bo值。其结果绘制成1月至12月的月平均分布图,从而对本海域的Bo分布特点作详细分析介绍。 相似文献
33.
以低成本陆用航姿参考系统(AHRS)/GPS紧耦合系统为研究对象,建立了基于伪距、伪距率、航向角的组合观测数学模型。引入强跟踪滤波(STF)算法,利用渐消因子的作用,增强滤波器对状态快速变化的跟踪能力。同时,针对微惯性器件漂移过大的缺点,采用二阶EKF(QEKF)方法,通过对Hessian矩阵的求解,补偿系统观测方程线性化的二阶截断误差。仿真表明:STQEKF方法可高速准确地逼近系统非线性模型,实现陆地载体导航控制,在传感器精度有限的情况下,使姿态和位置的控制效果较标准EKF分别提高了约8.9%-38.2%和48.7%-54.4% 相似文献
34.
J A Vargas-Guzmán 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2008,19(1):85-92
An analysis of statistical expected values for transformations is performed in this study to quantify the effect of heterogeneity on spatial geological modeling and evaluations. Algebraic transformations are frequently applied to data from logging to allow for the modeling of geological properties. Transformations may be powers, products, and exponential operations which are commonly used in well-known relations (e.g., porosity-permeability transforms). The results of this study show that correct computations must account for residual transformation terms which arise due to lack of independence among heterogeneous geological properties. In the case of an exponential porosity-permeability transform, the values may be positive. This proves that a simple exponential model back-transformed from linear regression underestimates permeability. In the case of transformations involving two or more properties, residual terms may represent the contribution of heterogeneous components which occur when properties vary together, regardless of a pair-wise linear independence. A consequence of power- and product-transform models is that regression equationswithin those transformations need corrections via residual cumulants. A generalization of this result isthat transformations of multivariate spatial attributes require multiple-point random variable relations. This analysis provides practical solutions leading to a methodology for nonlinear modeling using correct back transformations in geology. 相似文献
35.
36.
Application of FLATModel, a 2D finite volume code, to debris flows in the northeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
FLATModel is a two-dimensional shallow-water approximation code with corrections and modifications that create a simulation
tool adapted to debris-flows behaviour. FLATModel uses the finite volume method with the numerical implementation of the Godunov
scheme and includes correction terms regarding the effect of flow over high slopes and curvature. Additionally, the stop-and-go
phenomenon, the basal entrainment and a correction regarding the front inclination of the final deposit are incorporated into
FLATModel. In addition, different flow resistance laws were integrated in the numerical code including Bingham, Herschel–Bulkley
and Voellmy fluid model. Firstly, our numerical model was validated using analytical solutions of a dam-break scenario and
published data on a laboratory experiment. Secondly, three real events, which occurred in the northeastern part of the Iberian
Peninsula, were back-calculated. Although field observations of the three events are not very detailed, the back-analyses
revealed interesting patterns on the flow dynamics, and the numerical results generally showed good agreement with field data.
Comparing the different flow resistance laws, the Voellmy fluid model presents the best behaviour regarding both the flow
behaviour and the deposit characteristics. Preliminary simulation runs incorporating the effect of basal entrainment offered
satisfactory results, although the final volume is rather sensitive on the selected friction angle of channel-bed material.
The outcomes regarding the correction of the calculated front inclination of the final deposit showed that this implementation
strongly improves the simulation results and better represents steep fronts of final deposits. 相似文献
37.
依托“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”项目工程,对晋城某矿南翼大巷东南区5m×5m×1ms的三维地震数据体,采用三维地震属性参数预测煤层厚度及其变化规律:沿3煤层、15煤层10ms时窗提取地震属性42种,根据钻孔资料,计算出煤厚与地震属性相关系数;从中优选出相关系数大于0.35的地震属性,其中3煤层9个、15煤层10个;然后进行地震属性互相关分析,优选出与3煤、15煤层厚度相关系数较大的4种属性,建立预测煤厚的BP神经网络模型,分别选取3煤层12个、15煤层4个实测数据作为学习训练和测试样本,以钻孔地震属性作为学习样本,对网络进行训练,最终获得全区煤层厚度。经与预留钻孔成果资料对比,预测精度较高,结果可用。 相似文献
38.
39.
Changing grading of soil: effect on critical states 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
Examples of situations are presented where the grading of a soil changes during its lifetime either by crushing of particles
leading to an increase of fine material or by slow transport of fine particles with seepage leading to a decrease of fine
material. Such grading changes influence the basic constitutive properties of the soil, in particular properties such as critical
states which are dependent on the available range of densities of packing. Discrete element modelling is used to show the
dependence of critical state conditions on grading and the way in which the particle assembly seeks out new critical state
conditions as the grading changes. 相似文献
40.
Heinrich Eichhorn 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1996,64(3):273-275
The autodependence, (a special case of the — now quite obsolete — dependences, which had been introduced for very specialized astrometric purposes) is proportional to the parameter variance which is the expectation of the variance of the systematic error of a function evaluated with estimated parameters. 相似文献