A new approach to the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene forms of the genus Apocricetus. Apocricetus alberti (Rodentia,Mammalia) from Venta del Moro (Cabriel Basin,Spain)

The species of the genus Apocricetus are considered to form the phyletic lineage A. aff. plinii (MN11)–A. plinii–A. alberti–A. barrierei–A. angustidens (MN16). Along this lineage, gradual morphological and biometrical changes occur, but not all the species are represented by rich populations. The assemblage of Apocricetus alberti from Venta del Moro is by far the most abundant collection of this species. This population shows a great morphological variability in some characters like the morphology of the anteroconid and the anterolophulids in m1 and the shape of the anterolophule in M1, with morphotypes that resemble both older and younger populations of Apocricetus. Along the phyletic lineage of Apocricetus, a change in the shape of m3 occurs, from predominantly subtriangular forms in the oldest populations to predominantly subrectangular in the youngest. To quantify this feature we use the posterior width of the molar and the anterior width/posterior width ratio, proposing five morphological categories, from extremely triangular to subrectangular.     

潮汐形变短临异常图像及其时空特征

展示了潮汐形变观测记录到的12个震例31个异常图像,总结了震例异常的特点、形态、量级,分析了潮汐形变波异常的时空特征:主震震级MS≥5.9级时出现异常的可能性大,异常出现的时间多为震前0.1～6.5天,MS为5、6、7、≥7.9时,异常的有效监测距离分别为70、300、500、2000km。     

中国地区地磁场日变形态的分析

根据资料系统地分析了中国地区地磁场 Z 分量 S_q、S_D 时空变化现象及11年变化规律,在此基础上同时研究了出现的低点位移和拉平现象。结果表明,这是多发生在我国北部台站的冬季现象,同时也是迭加在正常地磁场的一种正常变化现象。     

The volume and shape of the 1991–1993 lava flow field at Mount Etna, Sicily

 The 1991–1993 lava flow is the most voluminous flow erupted at Mount Etna, Sicily, in over 300 years. Estimates of the volume obtained by various methods range from 205×10⁶ m³ (Tanguy 1996) to over 500×10⁶ m³ (Barberi et al. 1993). This paper describes the results of an electronic distance measurement (EDM)-based field survey of the upper surface of the 1991–1993 flow field undertaken in 1995. The results were digitised, interpolated and converted into a digital elevation model and then compared with a pre-eruption digital elevation model, constructed from a 1 : 25 000 contour map of the area, based on 1989 aerial photographs. Our measurements are the most accurate to date and show that the 1991–1993 lava flow occupies a volume of 231±29×10⁶ m³. Received: 20 July 1996 / Accepted: 5 November 1996     

Granitoid emplacement during syn-convergent transtension:An example from the Huamenlou pluton in North Qinling,central China

The Huamenlou pluton,is an elongated granite intrusion with high aspect ratio,emplaced within the southern margin of the North Qinling(central China).Here we investigate this pluton through multiple techniques including the fabric study,microstructural observation and zircon geochronology.Our zircon U-Pb data confirm that the granite crystallized at ca.462 Ma which is consistent with the ages of other linear plutons in North Qinling.Microstructural observations of the Huamenlou granites illustrate that the pluton has undergone superimposed deformation during its emplacement,from magmatic to hightemperature solid state conditions.The internal fabric obtained by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS)and shape preferred orientation(SPO)show similar results.The fabrics are relatively concordant and generally vary from NE-SW to NEE-SWW which are roughly oblique to the trend of the pluton elongation and the regional structures.Meanwhile,scalar parameters reflect two completely different strain regimes for the pluton and its host rocks,i.e.,the fabrics within host rocks are mainly oblate while the central part of the intrusion displays mainly prolate fabrics.It is inferred that the structural pattern recorded in this pluton was caused by local dextral transtension in consequence of oblique convergence between the South and North China Blocks.We propose that the local transtension in convergence setting probably evolved from vertical extrusion tectonics that provided room for the magma emplacement and imparted prolate fabrics in the Huamenlou pluton.     

柱坐标三维等参元法向载荷等效

本文推导了柱坐标中三维等参元载荷等效公式。     

中国大陆科学钻探（CCSD）主孔石榴石橄榄岩中发现Fe2P合金矿物

在东海大陆超深钻(CCSD)的钻孔橄榄岩岩屑(孔深603-683米深部)中,分离出的矿物有硅酸盐、氧化物、硫化物、碳化物、自然元素、金属互化物和合金,计50-60种矿物。多种特征表明其中有一些不寻常矿物,并且有些矿物具有球状外形,如自然铁、镍纹石、铁镍合金、磁铁矿等。本文报道通过成分和结构分析鉴定出的铁磷合金矿物(Fe,P),成分中含少量Cr,Ni和Co,成分均一,分子式为(Fe1.80Ni0.05Cr0.02)P。EDXD数据表明该矿物的晶系属六方晶系;格子类型为P;空间群为P62m;晶胞参数a=b=5.877Ac=3.437A,a:c=1:0.5848。通过ICDDPDF-2x射线粉晶衍射数据库2004年公布的最新版本搜索查询,发现与人工合成的同种矿物Fe2P(ICDD83-2337,Barringerite.syn)十分接近,类似的矿物已在陨石中发现(FeNi)P,故确定本文报道的铁磷合金(Fe2P)为地球上首次发现的天然合金矿物。其成因和形成条件的研究正在进行中。     

图斑形状特征对原面积中误差公式的修正——一个面积中误差估算模型

本文考虑到多边形图斑形状特征对面积量算误差的显著影响，用一“特征参数”T，将图斑形状特征量化。经参数T修正的面积中误差估算公式有较低的“偏离度”，且数学形式简单，采用修正模型可设定新的面积量算容许误差，并可改进图斑面积平差的传统方法。     

Looking for the future in the rubble of Palmyra: Destruction,reconstruction and identity

The destruction of the ancient ruins of Palmyra by the terrorist group Islamic State (IS) in September 2015 shocked the world, with some going so far as to decry it as a war crime. This paper explores why the razing of Palmyra resonated so strongly with the international community, demonstrating how the relationship between urban space and collective memory made this event so powerful. Looking to the future, it suggests that the toughest test for Palmyra is yet to come. The challenge of post-conflict reconstruction in sites such as this is inextricably bound up with questions of identity, memory and power, all of which will need to be worked out when the war in Syria eventually comes to an end.     

Seismic isolation of bridges using isolation systems based on flat sliding bearings

Three different isolation systems (IS’s) for bridges and viaducts are considered in the present study. All of them are made of steel-PTFE sliding bearings (SB) to support the weight of the deck and auxiliary devices, based on different technologies and materials (i.e. rubber, steel and shape memory alloys), to provide re-centring and/or additional energy dissipating capability. An extensive numerical investigation has been carried out in order to (i) assess the reliability of different design approaches, (ii) compare the response of different types of IS’s, (iii) evaluate the sensitivity of the structural response to friction variability due to bearing pressure, air temperature and state of lubrication and (iv) identify the response variations caused by changes in the ground motion, bridge and isolation characteristics. The nonlinear time-history analyses have been carried out using a simplified pier-deck model, where the pier is modelled as an elastic cantilever beam and the mass of the deck is connected to the pier through suitable nonlinear elements, simulating the behaviour of the IS. Both artificial and natural seismic excitations have been used in the nonlinear dynamic analyses.