利用R语言半自动化提取河流阶地——以米家山黄河阶地为例

构造活跃地区阶地的发育对于分析不同时间域下的构造变形或气候作用具有重要意义。因此,如何利用有效的定量方法提取和精细刻画这类地貌特征显得极为重要。R语言是一种集统计分析和图形显示于一体的优秀编程语言,目前已被广泛应用于医学、生物学等领域,但尚未应用于地质与地貌学领域。文中以海原断裂带景泰—哈思山段的米家山东侧保存较好的多级黄河河流阶地为研究目标,初步尝试基于R语言对Sf M技术获取的高精度地形数据进行分析和可视化,完成了对米家山黄河阶地的半自动提取,共划分出20级河流阶地,同时揭示出较年轻的阶地具有较好的连续性和延伸性,而较老阶地的连续性和延伸性则相对较差,且老阶地变形逐渐趋于明显,阶地年龄越老,其似半抛物线形态的翘曲越明显,反映了米家山东侧多级阶地形成后的不同演化历史。此次试验结果表明R语言有望成为高精度地形数据分析和可视化的有效工具。     

数字近景摄影测量建筑容积率调查技术研究

城市建筑容积率是城市土地利用集约化程度的一个重要标志。基于遥感影像进行容积率调查的方法应用范围广,但误差较大。本文将数字近景摄影测量技术应用于精准容积率调查,研究了基于数字地图的单张像片参数以及顾及空间固定条件的立体像对前方交会方法,实现高精度的三维坐标获取。本文将普通数码相机和PDA相结合,辅助以GPS和全站仪等,实现了价格低廉、应用灵活快速的容积率调查集成系统,能够现场完成数据采集、存储。     

数字摄影测量与计算机视觉

从摄影测量的角度出发,在回顾摄影测量的发展历程及其最新进展的基础上,系统分析了数字摄影测量与计算机视觉的共同点及其本质差异,指出数字摄影测量的下一步发展必须与计算机视觉的理论和最新发展相结合。     

基于倾斜摄影测量技术的三维数字城市建模

使用较为先进的信息化手段,能够为城市的规划、建设、管理、运营以及一些应急措施的应用发挥良好作用。三维数字城市的建模,能够在很大程度上有效提高政府的实际服务和管理水平,从而有效增强城市的管理效率,为有效节约城市资源发挥重要的作用。本文主要从数字城市进行三维建模的现实状况入手,对倾斜摄影技术的内涵和技术特征进行详细分析,从而介绍基于倾斜摄影测量技术的三维数字城市建模项目的具体实施情况。     

基于摄影测量的宁夏明长城资源调查

长城是中华民族的象征,是世界上规模最大的文化遗产。但近年来长城却面临着严重的人为破坏和自然破坏的威胁,特别是人为破坏日益加剧。为进一步加强长城保护管理工作,实施宁夏境内明长城资源调查项目,开展明长城基础地理信息数据生产、明长城专题要素数据采集、测量明长城长度、制作明长城专题影像图等工作。     

基于高清工业相机的盾构隧道裂缝智能识别算法分析

裂缝一直是隧道病害的重点检测对象,但传统人工巡检仅能通过肉眼发现后记录,人工识别精准度与效率完全取决于个人经验判断,无信息化手段辅助,作业效率识别精度亟待提升.针对以上问题,本文借助高清工业相机成像分辨率高、采集速度快等特点,将高清工业相机部署于轨道车上获取隧道表面裂缝病害信息,大幅提高了隧道裂缝识别效率,将识别精度提...     

Monitoring soil surface roughness under growing winter wheat with low-altitude UAV sensing: Potential and limitations

Soil surface roughness (SSR) is an important factor in controlling sediment and runoff generation, influencing directly a wide spectrum of erosion parameters. SSR is highly variable in time and space under natural conditions, and characterizing SSR to improve the parameterization of hydrological and erosion models has proved challenging. Our study uses recent technological and algorithmic developments in capturing and processing close aerial sensing data to evaluate how high-resolution imagery can assist the temporally and spatially explicit monitoring of SSR. We evaluated the evolution of SSR under natural rainfall and growing vegetation conditions on two arable fields in Denmark. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry was used to monitor small field plots over 7 months after seeding of winter wheat following conventional and reduced tillage treatments. Field campaigns were conducted at least once a month from October until April, resulting in nine time steps of data acquisition. Structure from motion photogrammetry was used to derive high-resolution point clouds with an average ground sampling distance of 2.7 mm and a mean ground control point accuracy of 1.8 mm. A comprehensive workflow was developed to process the point clouds, including the detection of vegetation and the removal of vegetation-induced point cloud noise. Rasterized and filtered point clouds were then used to determine SSR geostatistically as the standard deviation of height, applying different kernel sizes and using semivariograms. The results showed an influence of kernel size on roughness, with a value range of 0.2–1 cm of average height deviation during the monitoring period. Semivariograms showed a measurable decrease in sill variance and an increase in range over time. This research demonstrated multiple challenges to measuring SSR with UAV under natural conditions with increasing vegetation cover. The proposed workflow represents a step forward in tackling those challenges and provides a knowledge base for future research. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从数字化测绘到信息化测绘的测绘学科新进展

测绘学科已完成由传统模拟测绘向数字化测绘的转变过程,现在正在向信息化测绘新阶段转化与跨越。本文综述了测绘学科及其下的五个子学科(大地测量学、摄影测量与遥感学、地图制图与地理信息工程学、工程测量学和海洋测绘学)在向信息化测绘跨越过程中的科学与技术的新进展。     

Towards new applications of underwater photogrammetry for investigating coral reef morphology and habitat complexity in the Myeik Archipelago,Myanmar

Photogrammetry represents a non-destructive, cost-effective tool for coral reef monitoring, able to integrate traditional remote sensing techniques and support researchers’ work. However, its application to submerged habitats is still in early stage. We present new ways to employ Structure from Motion techniques to infer properties of reef habitats. In particular, we propose the use of Digital Surface Models and Digital Terrain Models for assessing coral colonies extension and height and discriminating between seabed and coral cover. Such information can be coupled with digital rugosity estimates to improve habitat characterization. DTM, DSM and orthophotos were derived and used to compute a series of metrics like coral morphologies, reef topography, coral cover and structural complexity. We show the potentialities offered by underwater photogrammetry and derived products to provide useful basic information for marine habitat mapping, opening the possibility to extend these methods for large-scale assessment and monitoring of coral reefs.     

非量测数码影像在航测成图中的应用

如何加速成图周期,快速、高效地生产各种地理信息产品是摄影测量应用研究的主要内容.本文介绍了非量测数码航摄影像在全数字摄影测量工作站上进行地理信息产品生产的技术方法和工作流程,研究了关键技术环节.