Do 2006/7/EC European Union Bathing Water Standards exclude the risk of contact with Salmonella or Candida albicans?

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the recent (2006) European Union Directive concerning the management of bathing water quality to exclude the presence of pathogens from complying waters. Coastal water samples were classified according to the Directive. 2.5% of ‘excellent’ water contained Salmonella and 39.2% Candida albicans 11.8% of samples in category ‘good’ were Salmonella positive and 35.2% were C.albicans positive. When the USEPA criterion for marine waters was applied to the same dataset, fewer samples complied, however 6.0% of the complying samples contained Salmonella. The results suggest that the bacterial indicator threshold levels for marine recreational water quality of the 2006/7/EC European Union Directive do not fully exclude contact of bathers with dangerous pathogens. Enterococci, if used as the sole index, appear to form a more reliable proxy of the risk of contact with Salmonella.     

Organophosphates and Synthetic Musk Fragrances in Freshwater Streams in Hessen/Germany

Four small freshwater river systems in Hessen, Germany, have been investigated with respect to seasonal and spatial concentration variations and transported load of the organophosphates tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP), tris(2‐butoxyethyl)phosphate (TBEP), tris(2‐chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP), tris(1‐chloro‐2‐propyl)phosphate (TCPP), and tris(1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl)phosphate (TDCPP) and the synthetic musk fragrances 1,3,4,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐4,6,6,7,8,8‐hexa‐methylcyclopenta‐[γ]‐2‐benzopyran (HHCB) and 7‐acetyl‐1,1,3,4,4,6‐hexamethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN). Data originate from water samples collected in the time span from September 2003 to April 2005 at 25 sampling locations. The detection frequency for all compounds was about 90%. Mean concentration levels of organophosphates were 502 ng/L (TCPP), 276 ng/L (TBP), 183 ng/L (TBEP), 118 ng/L (TCEP), and 117 ng/L (TDCPP). The synthetic musk fragrances HHCB and ATHN were detected with mean concentrations of 141 and 46 ng/L, respectively. The variability of the concentration of all compounds was high with respect to space and time. The highest concentrations were observed in the Schwarzbach system characterized by the highest proportion of wastewater compared to the other river systems. Concentration levels of synthetic musk fragrances were significantly lower in summer times compared to winter times.     

Pilot‐Scale Degradation of Organic Contaminants in a Continuous‐flow Reactor by the Helielectro‐Fenton Method

The feasibility of pilot‐scale mineralization of organic pollutants in wastewaters using the Electro‐Fenton® process is demonstrated. The treatment was applied in a continuous‐flow reactor, to solutions of nitrobenzene, 2,4‐D and benzoic acid and to actual wastewaters from a fine chemicals company along with a pulp and paper company. The results showed mineralization yields from 60 to 84% by simply applying the Electro‐Fenton® process. When a subsequent exposure to sunlight was carried out (Helielectro‐Fenton method), this mineralization almost went to completion, except for the effluent from the fine chemicals industry.     

树根桩法稳定建筑物沉降工程

针对浙江省奉化市粮食局米厂大米车间、粮库基础托换和锅炉房基础加固工程 ,成功地应用树根桩基础托换技术 ,使沉降和裂缝得到有效控制 ,危房再现使用价值     

南京市江宁区关闭矿山地质环境治理探讨

根据近年来勘查矿山环境现状和整理分析矿山环境信息,指出了南京市江宁区关闭矿山地质环境问题,提出了治理工作指导思想,分析了江宁区关闭矿山治理情况。为了“又好又快”实施矿山环境治理,探索了关闭矿山环境治理策略,对今后该地区矿山环境治理提供指导意义。     

Heavy metals in sediments of the Tecate River, Mexico

Ten sites along the Tecate River, Mexico were sampled to evaluate the cadmium, lead, nickel and chromium concentrations in sediments. The result shows contamination for cadmium in most of the sites, where two sites were class 4 (polluted to strongly polluted) according to geoaccumulation index proposed by Muller. Two sites were found polluted for all the heavy metals analyzed (Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni), indicating the effect of anthropogenic activities. A correlation between Ni and Cd concentration had been found indicating a common source. These metals are usually used in electroplating industry. The results of this study can be used for decision makers to prioritize measures to control the pollution for these metals.     

凹凸棒石黏土处理受污染原水的应用研究

针对目前水源污染比较普遍、水厂原水水质不断恶化的情况,在常规处理工艺的基础上,选择投加凹凸棒石黏土处理受污染的原水。介绍了凹凸棒石黏土的性能,对受污染原水进行了试验研究,并阐述了投加凹凸棒石黏土处理受污染原水的优点。     

浅谈如何进行电线积冰的观测记录和处理

电线积冰是国务院气象主管机构指定的观测项目之一,山西省目前有18个国家基本（准）站需进行电线积冰项目的观测。因地形地貌和气候特点等原因,电线积冰现象在一些台站出现频次较少,观测人员容易忽视对电线积冰观测知识和技术的学习,在遇到该现象时不能准确客观地进行记载。为此笔者总结了电线积冰记录处理中一些比较特殊的地方,希望对观测人员业务工作有所帮助。     

Auswirkung von Schwermetallgemischen auf die biologische Behandlung naphthalinsulfonsäurehaltiger Abwässer

Effect of Mixtures of Heavy Metals on the Biological Treatment of Sewages Containing Naphthalenesulfonic Acid Biological wastewater treatment processes can be destabilized considerably by heavy metals. In this investigation, the effect of loadings of heavy metals on the degradation of naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid (2NS) by immobilized bacteria in continuously operated airlift-loop reactors was studied. Shock loadings with mixtures of cadmium and nickel, or cadmium and zinc, respectively, resulted in increases in inhibition compared to those observed with the single metals. In contrast, the 2NS-degradation was less inhibited by shock loadings with mixtures of nickel and zinc than by the single metal ions. Repeated shock loadings up to 100 mg L^?1 nickel and 1000 mg L^?1 zinc effected an adaptation of the microorganisms. Continuous loadings with up to 10 mg L^?1 cadmium and nickel each, or with 50 mg L^?1 nickel and 210 mg L^?1 zinc, respectively, did not inhibit the degradation of 2NS. The permanent loadings led to an adaptation of the bacteria with an increased biosynthesis of proteins from 0.2 to 0.5 g g^?1 cell dry weight. However, if the immobilized cells were incubated with mixtures of cadmium and nickel, the specific polysaccharide content decreased to less than 0.2 g g^?1 cell dry weight, resulting in a detachment of the biofilms.     

Elektrochemische Einschätzung des Oberflächenzustandes von Wasserreinigungskohlen

Electrochemical Characterization of the Surface of Activated Carbon Used in Water Treatment Plants. We tried to measure electrochemically those properties of activated carbons which are important for using them for water purification. A success was achieved with the electrochemical immersion potential U_i which is found to be a function of concentration of functional surface groups on the carbon surface. However, the expected direct proportionality for inert surfaces between BET surface area and amount of charge measured in recharge processes has not been observed.