甘肃公婆泉铜矿区斑岩岩浆起源及成岩成矿大地构造背景

探讨了公婆泉矿区斑岩岩浆起源,论述了该矿区斑岩成岩成矿大地构造背景。研究结果表明,该矿区斑岩岩浆起源属幔壳混合源;斑岩成岩成矿大地构造背景为褶皱造山期。     

不等长工作面台阶区域覆岩运动诱冲机制及防治

针对阳城煤矿不等长工作面台阶区域发生冲击地压灾害问题,基于工作面特殊布置方式及覆岩赋存特征,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测等方法,分析了台阶区域覆岩结构运动特征和围岩应力演化规律,研究了台阶区域冲击地压诱发机制。研究结果表明：1304工作面台阶区域覆岩经历了“OX-S-C”型较为复杂的结构演变,覆岩空间结构由OX向S型转换时,顶板岩层大面积破断下沉,在台阶区域形成多个悬臂梁结构,越往高位,悬臂梁长度越大;受覆岩运动和采动应力场叠加影响,煤岩体形成高应力集中区,在顶板岩层动载冲击作用下,煤岩体弹性应变能突然释放,诱发冲击地压。采用COMSOL软件对不同卸压钻孔参数下煤体应变能分布特征进行模拟研究,优化了台阶区域卸压钻孔参数。根据模拟结果,随着钻孔孔径、孔深增大及间距减小钻孔卸压效果越明显,考虑工程实际,确定孔径为150 mm、孔深为30 m、间距为1 m为合理有效的卸压钻孔参数,并应用于1302工作面台阶区域的冲击地压防治,取得了较好的防冲效果。     

Depositional setting,provenance, and tectonic-volcanic setting of Eocene–Recent deep-sea sediments of the oceanic Izu–Bonin forearc,northwest Pacific (IODP Expedition 352)

New biostratigraphical, geochemical, and magnetic evidence is synthesized with IODP Expedition 352 shipboard results to understand the sedimentary and tectono-magmatic development of the Izu–Bonin outer forearc region. The oceanic basement of the Izu–Bonin forearc was created by supra-subduction zone seafloor spreading during early Eocene (c. 50–51 Ma). Seafloor spreading created an irregular seafloor topography on which talus locally accumulated. Oxide-rich sediments accumulated above the igneous basement by mixing of hydrothermal and pelagic sediment. Basaltic volcanism was followed by a hiatus of up to 15 million years as a result of topographic isolation or sediment bypassing. Variably tuffaceous deep-sea sediments were deposited during Oligocene to early Miocene and from mid-Miocene to Pleistocene. The sediments ponded into extensional fault-controlled basins, whereas condensed sediments accumulated on a local basement high. Oligocene nannofossil ooze accumulated together with felsic tuff that was mainly derived from the nearby Izu–Bonin arc. Accumulation of radiolarian-bearing mud, silty clay, and hydrogenous metal oxides beneath the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) characterized the early Miocene, followed by middle Miocene–Pleistocene increased carbonate preservation, deepened CCD and tephra input from both the oceanic Izu–Bonin arc and the continental margin Honshu arc. The Izu–Bonin forearc basement formed in a near-equatorial setting, with late Mesozoic arc remnants to the west. Subduction-initiation magmatism is likely to have taken place near a pre-existing continent–oceanic crust boundary. The Izu–Bonin arc migrated northward and clockwise to collide with Honshu by early Miocene, strongly influencing regional sedimentation.     

Mineralogy,Fluid Inclusion,and Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Studies of the Intrusion‐Related Yangla Cu Deposit in the Sanjiang Region,SW China: Implications for Metallogenesis and Deposit Type

The Yangla deposit is an intrusion‐related Cu deposit in the Jinshajiang tectonic belt (eastern Sanjiang region, SW China). Despite extensive studies that have been conducted on this deposit, the relationship between the granitic magma and Cu mineralization is still unclear, and hence, the genesis is debated. To answer this question, we conducted an integrated study of mineralogy, fluid inclusions (FIs), and hydrogen and oxygen (H‐O) isotopes. Three mineralization stages were identified based on the ore textures, alteration zonation, and crosscutting relationships: (i) pre‐ore prograde skarn (stage I), with the garnet and pyroxene dominated by andradite and diopside, respectively; (ii) syn‐ore retrograde alteration (stage II), which is subdivided into the early syn‐ore stage (stage IIa) marked by retrograde hydrated mineral assemblages and significant Fe‐Cu‐Mo‐Pb‐Zn sulfide mineralization, and the late syn‐ore stage (stage IIb) featured by quartz‐calcite veins; and (iii) late supergene mineralization (stage III), which is characterized by secondary azurite and malachite. These results of mineralogy, FIs, and H‐O isotopes indicate that: (i) Cu mineralization has a close temporal, spatial, and genetic relationship with skarn alteration; (ii) the ore fluids were magmatic dominated with late‐stage meteoric water incursion; and (iii) Type‐S (halite‐bearing) and Type‐V (vapor‐rich) FIs coexisted in garnet and clinopyroxene of stage I, indicating that fluid boiling might have occurred during this stage. From stage I to stage IIa, the FI type transformed from Type‐S + Type‐V + Type‐L (liquid‐rich) to Type‐V + Type‐L with the conduct of mineralization and was accompanied by the disappearance of Type‐S, and homogenization temperature and salinity also tended to decrease dramatically, which may be caused by the deposition of skarn minerals. At stage IIa, boiling of the ore fluids still continued due to the change from lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure, which triggered the precipitation of abundant quartz‐Cu‐Mo‐Fe sulfides. Furthermore, fluid mixing between a high‐temperature magmatic fluid and a low‐temperature meteoric water might cause a considerable drop in temperature and the deposition of Cu‐bearing quartz/calcite veins during stage IIb. Hence, we consider the Yangla deposit to be of a skarn type, genetically related to the Mesozoic magmatism in the Sanjiang region.     

Major neotectonic features of eastern Marmara region,Turkey: development of the Adapazarı–Karasu corridor and its tectonic significance

Eastern Marmara region consists of three different morphotectonic units: Thrace–Kocaeli Peneplain (TKP) and Çamdağ–Akçakoca Highland (ÇAH) in the north, and Armutlu–Almacık Highland in the south of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). The geologic‐morphologic data and seismic profiles from the Sakarya River offshore indicate that the boundary between the TKP in the west and ÇAH in the east is a previously unrecognized major NNE–SSW‐trending strike‐slip fault zone with reverse component. The fault zone is a distinct morphotectonic corridor herein named the Adapazarı–Karasu corridor (AKC) that runs along the Sakarya River Valley and extends to its submarine canyon along the southern margin of the Black Sea in the north. It formed as a transfer fault zone between the TKP and ÇAH during the Late Miocene; the former has been experiencing extensional forces and the latter compressional forces since then. East–West‐trending segments of the NAFZ cuts the NE–SW‐trending AKC and their activity has resulted in the formation of a distinct fault‐bounded morphology, which is characterized by alternating E–W highlands and lowlands in the AKC. Furthermore, this activity has resulted in the downward motion of an ancient delta and submarine canyon of the Sakarya River in the northern block of the NAFZ below sea level so that the waters of the Black Sea invaded them. The NE–SW‐trending faults in the AKC were reactivated with the development of the NAFZ in the Late Pliocene, which then caused block motions and microseismic activities throughout the AKC. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多年冻土区路桥过渡段的一种新结构

The design of roadbed-abutment transition part is always a challenging problem in transportation engineering, especially in permafrost distribution zone. A new type of roadbed-abutment transition part on permafrost was presented, and long-term observation was conducted for the deformation and the thermal regime of a roadbed-abutment transition part in the constructing Qinghai-Tibet Railway. In this paper, a new structure was presented and the observed settlements both in the subgrade and the base and its dependency with the thermal regime (permafrost table) were analyzed. In conclusion the roadbed-a-butment transition method for permafrost distribution zone was evaluated.     

浅谈低山丘陵地区1/5万地质灾害调查工作——以江西省定南县为例

近年来,全国各省市陆续在开展1/5万地质灾害调查工作,不同地貌区地质灾害发育情况不同,调查方法与要求亦有区别。平原岗丘地区往往存在地质灾害点达不到观测点数量要求,需要增加地质环境点来满足精度;而西南高山区灾害点少但规模大,许多灾害点往往要通过大比例尺的测绘才能调查清楚。相比之下,低山丘陵地区地质灾害点具有点多面广的特点,规模多为小型,调查任务艰巨。本文以江西省定南县为例,阐述低山丘陵地区1/5万县(市)地质灾害调查的技术方法与认识,以期对类似地区的调查有所帮助。     

Remote sensing and GIS based determination of groundwater dependent ecosystems in the Western Cape, South Africa

Finding the location of groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) is important in determining the extent of restrictions that need to be placed upon the abstraction of groundwater. Remote sensing was combined with geographical information system (GIS) modelling to produce a GDE probability rating map for the Sandveld region, South Africa. Landsat TM imagery identified the areas indicating the probable presence of GDEs and GIS assisted in their delineation. Three GIS models were generated: a GIS model predicting landscape wetness potential (LWP model) based on terrain morphological features; the LWP model was modified to highlight groundwater generated landscape wetness potential (the resulting GglWP model); and a groundwater elevation model was interpolated, combining groundwater level measurements in boreholes in the region with digital elevation model data. Biomass indicators generated from Landsat were classified and combined with the GIS models, followed by field verification of riverine and wetland GDEs. The LWP model provided the most accurate results of the three models tested for GDEs in this region.

南海南部地洼区新构造运动及其动力学机制

本文根据南海南部地洼区的岩石圈动力学环境，把本区新构造运动类型划分为拉张型、挤压型、平移剪切型和旋动型，并对其构造演化与动力学模式进行了初步分析。     

Low latitude airglow

Tropical airglow work during the last few years is reviewed. Airglow instrumentation is becoming more complex. Some of these sophisticated airglow experiments giving important information about the upper atmosphere such as ionospheric F region electron density, height of maximum electron density, dynamics of and irregularities in the F region, mesospheric neutral temperature and its variation, dynamics of mesospheric, etc. are mentioned. At the end some problems which could be tackled in near future with airglow techniques have been suggested. Invited Review paper, Commission 21, IAU, Patras, Greece, August, 1982.