基于GPS的人工地震测深零时仪研制

在人工地震测深野外数据观测系统中,通过人工爆破激发地震波,利用布设在测线观测点位上的地震仪采集来自地壳上地幔的地震波震相信息来进行地震成像,获得研究区地壳上地幔精细结构、深浅部构造关系和发震构造的空间展布特征,进而研究岩石圈演化和动力学过程。为进行后期地震波资料信息的精确处理,需获得人工爆破地震波激发时刻的高精度时间和地理坐标信息。设计一种基于AT89C5115微处理器的GPS同步零时仪装置,介绍其硬件结构设计和固件程序实现方法,授时精度达微秒级,具有人机交互控制和信息数据通信功能。经室内测试和野外实验,零时仪装置运行稳定可靠,能完全满足野外测深工作的需要。     

集宁地电观测系统故障检查及处理

对集宁2017年4月1日-5月31日地电阻率原始观测数据曲线常规分析发现,NS、EW测道数值差异明显,采用电测深曲线进行对比分析,发现2测道电阻率数值基本一致。在同场范围内,地电阻率与电测深曲线应同步变化。对集宁地电阻率布极区、观测环境、观测系统、装置系统进行系列检查、测试,发现NS测道导线线芯与导线铠导通,导线铠与避雷箱箱体接触导致线路漏电,造成数值出现误差。通过对外线路以及电极引线等进行优化改造,集宁地电阻率观测数据恢复正常。     

Dynamic behavior of a smart device on a surface subjected to earthquake motion

This paper leverages concepts from an existing model to simulate the planar response of a smart device subjected to friction forces induced by an underlying moving plane. An interpolation technique is used to enhance detection of transition points (between sticking and sliding states), which must be accurately identified because of the frequency of their occurrence during seismic motion. The behavior of a smart device on an unconstrained table or desk, which is itself on a moving floor, is introduced and discussed. After validation of the results using experimental data, the revised model is used to study the sliding potential of smart devices on a surface during strong seismic events. Sliding spectra associated with selected ground motions are presented and extended to incorporate the effect of vertical accelerations with the purpose of assessing their influence. It is shown that vertical accelerations have a minimal effect on the sliding behavior of smart devices and that a “probability of exceeding the slip limit” curve can be developed to relate the probability of sticking to a demand parameter that represents the ground motion.     

数据采集器自动检测与断电重启的实现

针对太原基准地震台加速度观测中出现的数据采集器死机现象,使用Visual Studio 2015开发环境,对网络远程控制设备进行二次开发,编写自动处理软件,实现了对加速度数据采集器执行自动检测、自动断电复位和开启数据流的操作,为其他观测台站解决类似的问题提供技术参考。     

地震标准化工作平台的设计与实现

地震标准化是集研究、管理和服务于一体的系统性工程。基于互联网的工作平台有利于整合系统资源,规范和优化系统的运转过程。本文参考地震标准化工作平台的建设经验,讨论该平台建设的一般原则、需求、框架、功能和实现方法等。     

盘一井气氡新型脱气装置应用实验研究

在盘一井数字化气氡观测过程中,脱气装置经过两次改进,但出现的各种干扰因素无法得到有效解决,应用效果一般。为了减少脱气装置对气氡观测的干扰,提高观测数据质量,盘锦台改进制作了新型喷射负压式脱气装置,经过近7个月的试验研究,有效地减少脱气装置在气氡观测中的干扰,解决了氡观测脱气装置稳定性难题,这也进一步提高了气氡观测数据的内在质量。可为国内地震台站观测(水质矿化度高的观测井口)提供脱气装置制作、观测经验,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

How fast does tufa grow? Very high-resolution measurement of the tufa growth rate on artificial substrates by the development of a contactless image-based modelling device

Accurate determination of the tufa growth rate (TGR) is required to answer the fundamental geomorphological question of tufa evolution. The TGR has been measured by various direct and indirect methods. One of the most popular direct methods uses modified micro-erosion meter (MEM), which has several drawbacks. Here, we present for the first time a coordinate measuring macro-photogrammetry device (CMD) for monitoring the TGR in a contactless manner. The CMD was applied on 28 limestone plates at 14 locations within the Skradinski buk area, Croatia, and measurements were performed in the laboratory. The TGR was derived from digital tufa high-resolution models (DTHRMs). The accuracy of the device was evaluated using state-of-the-art three-dimensional (3D) scanners and error calculation at checkpoints. Moreover, the precision was evaluated with the split test (n = 5). A total of 74 DTHRMs with a spatial resolution of 0.0236 mm were created. The TGR ranged from 0.327 to 19.302 mm a⁻¹, with an average of 5.771 mm a⁻¹. A higher TGR was observed on the limestone plates near mosses, located in fast and turbulent water rather than in stagnant water. We found that specific micro-environmental factors (e.g. proximity to moss) positively affected tufa growth. Erosion events were observed, as well as the presence of aquatic insect larvae (Simuliidae and Chironomidae), which positively affected tufa growth. The CMD is a precise and accurate device that does not suffer from the drawbacks of the MEM method and has many other advantages. It has a high capability of tufa erosion detection, enables the identification of macroinvertebrates, and multispectral or hyperspectral cameras can be mounted on the device for spectral reflectance analysis of the tufa surface. The CMD can be applied in any study requiring a sub-millimetre data quality and involving the comparison of consecutive 3D models and derivation of various parameters of smaller objects. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超导重力装置的调平及实验分析

通过分析重力测量精度与磁悬浮系统倾角及仪器支撑腿调节高度之间的关系,结合支撑腿支撑重量大、位移调节精度高的要求,确定采用交流伺服电机驱动高精度电动缸作为支撑腿进行重力仪倾角调平的方案。制作支撑腿调平系统并进行调平实验,倾角调节精度达0.002°,最小位移调节小至2.5μm,找到倾角最小位置,实现重力仪调平功能,同时验证重力测量精度与倾角间的关系,为超导重力仪的调平和高精度重力测量提供参考。     

一种快速非局部平均合成孔径雷达海洋图像斑点噪声抑制方法

合成孔径雷达在海洋环境监测和海洋研究中扮演着越来越重要的角色。受其成像机制的影响,合成孔径雷达图像总是受到斑点噪声的污染。斑点噪声的存在会增大目标识别、跟踪和分类的难度,也会降低雷达信号的信噪比。合成孔径雷达海洋图像具有一些特殊的性质：海洋现象在雷达图像中主要呈现为条带状或斑块状的结构。这些条带状或斑块状的结构呈现出高度的自相似性或信息冗余。非局部平均方法能够衡量图像中不同图像块之间纹理结构的相似性,并利用图像的自相似性对图像进行去噪。但非局部平均去燥方法存在计算量巨大、计算耗时长的缺点,这几乎限制了其实际应用。本文采用一种自适应方法将雷达图像中的像素点区分为纹理区像素点和平坦区像素点。对纹理区像素点,采用较大的相似窗和搜索窗,对平坦区像素点,采用较小的相似窗和搜索窗,从而提高计算速度。进一步,本文基于计算统一设备并行架构（CUDA）技术,利用计算机图形处理器（GPU）对前述算法进行并行加速。与经典非局部平均算法相比,加速后算法的计算效率提高了200倍。     

不同设计参数下对转桨水动力性能研究

由于前后桨的相互干扰,对转桨的推力和扭矩呈现非常明显的非定常特点。一些主要的设计参数,如前后桨叶数比、推力比以及桨盘面间距对对转桨的水动力性能皆有一定的影响。分别对它们进行系统的研究有助于减弱对转桨的不利干扰,最大程度地回收周向动能。本文采用CFD方法首先分析了叶数比的影响,推力和扭矩的预报结果与试验值吻合良好,结果显示,叶数比为4∶5的对转桨拥有较好的稳定性。另外,对转桨的效率比等效单桨高8.73%~10.2%左右。最后研究了前后桨不同间距和不同推力比的影响,结果显示,增加前后桨的间距可以有效减小前后桨的不利干扰,但是在一定间距内或者推力比在1附近,对转桨水动力均值变化影响不大。