煤矿诱发地震研究

综合分析了煤矿诱发地震的特征、震害、震区地震地质条件、诱震环境条件、成因类型以及成因机制。煤矿矿震是在地壳深部原始高值应力的作用下,由于煤系地层对外力的脆弱性,活动构造牵动的活化及煤矿采掘附加应力等内外因子的协调作用,引起地质构造薄弱面的瞬间激烈运动,或构造塌陷释放应力、应变能的地震效应。     

由龙羊峡库区无线遥测地震台网资料初步探讨青海共和地震成因

１９９０年青海共和７．０级地震是构造地震还是水库畜水诱发地震？黄河上游龙羊峡水库周围地区的无线遥测地震台网在８年运行中记录了丰富的地震资料，共和地震后就记录到余震８，１４５个，为上述问题的研究积累了丰富的资料和数据。近来，特别是１９９４年，５．０级以上地震在这一地区呈增多趋势。因此，龙羊峡水库周围是值得地震研究人员密切注视和研究的地区。     

1920年海原大地震与构造关系的讨论

根据人工地震、重力、地质、航磁、大地电磁测深、地震活动及地球化学资料，研究了1920年海原大地震与构造的关系。结果表明：海原断层实际是深度不超过10km的铲状逆掩推覆断层，而海原大震的震源深度为15－20km，因此，海原断层与该次大震的发生无关。海原大地震的发生既与延至软流层顶部的近NS向和近EW向的构造有关，也与软流层的物质活动有关。海原断层上的各种地震形变为地震诱发的产物。     

中国东南地区地壳演化、分区及地震成因特点

本文利用物质分异的理论，阐明了不同地壳类型的相互转化，进而讨论了中国东南地区地壳演化基本特征。在此基础上对该区地壳进行了分区，并分析了各个分区构造特征与地震的关系。结果表明，该区内陆深大断裂带下部地壳和上地慢物质分异微弱，显示出断裂活动强度低，地震活动平静；东部地区物质分异强烈，靠近菲律宾板块消减带，断裂活动和地震活动显著增强。     

中国甘肃昌马断裂带及其现代活动

昌马断裂带是是青藏高原北部一条活动强烈的左旋走滑断裂带。它表现为重力、航磁、地壳厚度的综合异常梯度带，属于断面陡、切割深的超岩石圈断裂。昌马断裂带由１２条长４公里至１８公里不等的不连续的主断层和４条次级断层组成，可划分为东、中、西三大段落。断裂的水平位移和滑动速率具有分段性，全新世以来，东、中、西三段的左旋水平滑动速率分别为４．１毫米／年，２．６毫米／年和１．５毫米／年。北东东、北北西和北西西三个方向断层的位移具有分级特征，不同级别的位移具有良好的同步性。全新世以来北东东、北北西和北西西三个方向断层的水平滑动速率分别为４．１毫米／年、３．８毫米／年和２．７毫米／年。白垩纪以来，昌马断裂呈天平式运动，显示了枢纽断裂运动特征，枢纽轴位于断裂中段。昌马地震震源破裂性质及其反映的震源应力场与地震破裂带的破裂性质及其反映的构造应力场不一致。昌马地震震源机制解反映了北北西～南南东挤压，作用应力近于水平的震源应力场；昌马地震破裂带的变形组合反映了东北～南西挤压的构造应力场。昌马地震破裂带长１２０公里，分为东部正走滑段、中部逆走滑段和西部尾端破裂段，显示了多个水平位移峰值。全新世以来，沿昌马断裂发生了６次强震事件，强震复发     

Velocity dependence of strength and healing behaviour in simulated phyllosilicate-bearing fault gouge

Despite the fact that phyllosilicates are widespread in fault zones, little is known about the strength of phyllosilicate-bearing fault rocks under brittle–ductile transitional conditions. In this study, we explored the steady state strength and healing behaviour of a simulated phyllosilicate-bearing fault rock, i.e. muscovite plus halite and brine, at room temperature, normal stresses of 1–9 MPa, atmospheric fluid pressure and sliding velocities of 0.001–13 μm/s, using a rotary shear apparatus. While 100% halite and 100% muscovite samples exhibit rate-independent frictional/brittle behaviour, the strength of mixtures containing 10–50% muscovite is both normal stress and sliding velocity dependent. At low velocities (< 1 μm/s), strength increases with increasing velocity and normal stress, and a mylonitic foliation develops. This behaviour results from pressure solution in the halite grains, which accommodates frictional sliding on the phyllosilicate foliation. The pervasive muscovite foliation, which coats all halite grains, prevents significant healing. At high velocities (> 1 μm/s), velocity-weakening frictional behaviour occurs, along with the development of a structureless, intermixed, cataclastic microstructure. The steady state porosity of samples deformed in this regime increases with increasing sliding velocity. We propose that this behaviour involves competition between dilatation due to granular flow and compaction due to pressure solution. Towards higher sliding velocities, dilatation increasingly dominates over pressure solution compaction, so that porosity increases and frictional strength decreases. During periods of zero slip, pressure solution compaction occurs, causing a significant strength increase on reshearing. Our results imply that cataclastic overprinting of mylonitic rocks in natural fault zones does not require any changes in temperature or effective pressure conditions, but can simply result from oscillating fault motion rates. Our healing data suggest that foliated, aseismically creeping fault segments will remain weak and aseismic, whereas segments that have slipped seismically will rapidly re-strengthen and remain in the unstable, velocity-weakening regime.