应用单台垂向记录进行区域地震事件实时检测和直达犘波初动自动识别

提出一种基于直达P波信号和其它背景噪声在能量、非高斯性、非线性和偏振特性的不同而进行区域地震事件实时检测的新方法信噪综合差异特征量方法（简写为EFGLP方法）,同时对比分析了应用信号的不同统计特性来精细识别震相初至的３种有效方法,其中的TOC AIC方法是新提出的．应用山东数字地震波资料处理的结果表明:①与常规的STA/LTA地震事件触发算法相比,EFGLP方法能够有效降低地震事件的错误报警率和漏报率;②与人机交互震相识别结果相比,当信噪比比较低、震相初至比较模糊时,3种震相精细识别方法中的TOC-AIC方法识别精度最高;当信噪比比较高、震相初至比较清晰时,基于VAR-AIC 和TOC-AIC方法所测量得到的震相初至识别基本一致．      

剪切波分裂分析系统SAM(2007)——软件系统

地震各向异性是一种普遍现象,利用剪切波分裂可以研究地壳介质的地震各向异性特性,这是地震学研究中的一个前沿课题。本文介绍了基于SAM(2003R)发展的剪切波分裂系统分析方法软件——SAM(2007)。SAM(2007)在保留原软件系统优点的基础上,修改和发展了新的功能,在资料预处理、数据分析和结果输出等方面都进行了更新或发展,增加了地震定位模块,使新的软件系统更适用于国内的区域地震台网或流动台网资料的处理和分析。     

Development of a seismic damage and loss scenario for contemporary and historical buildings in Thessaloniki, Greece

The methodologies used in Greece for estimating direct losses in both reinforced concrete (R/C) and masonry buildings (also including monuments) are summarised, the critical issue of data collection is addressed, and practical solutions that have been tried are discussed. The development of a seismic risk scenario for contemporary and historical buildings in Thessaloniki is then presented and some key results are given, including the expected geographical distribution of building damage (due to the scenario earthquake) in the municipality of Thessaloniki; damage is described both in structural and in economic terms.     

Considering dynamic soil structure interaction (SSI) effects on seismic isolation retrofit efficiency and the importance of natural frequency ratio

This paper utilizes and expands on existing coupled BEM–FEM (finite element method) methods for the investigation of the effects of soil structure interaction (SSI) on both an un-retrofitted and seismically isolated typical bridge structure. A simple numerical model of the bridge and surrounding soil is formulated and excited by an earthquake excitation. Utilizing Newmark's β FEM solution method along with the closed form B-spline BIRF method, the structural damped period, composite damping ratio, pier relative displacement, and base shear demand are monitored. From these results, the effects of SSI on this structure are identified. Additionally, the importance of the relative rigidity between the soil-foundation system and the bridge structure is also investigated. The results of the studies indicate that the response of the complete structure system considered is affected by the inclusion of SSI effects. Furthermore, the efficiency of the isolation measures designed using fixed base conditions is decreased by considering SSI over a certain relative rigidity range that is quantified using the structure to soil-foundation natural frequency ratio.     

俯瞰世界地震活动性

以“整体观”视野探讨了2001年1月至2007年10月世界地震活动的频度涨落带来的震兆信息与强震活动之间有无“时序对应”或场源结合的“对称填补”现象。精细地类比探讨后,发现采用过去的方法难以实现预期的目标。究其根源可能在于以往讨论的“整体观”范畴要小于全球性范畴,而属区域性的概念使然。     

云南地震重点监视防御区震害异常软弱岩土的调查研究

通过分析云南历史破坏性地震震害异常影响因素,得出第四系软弱土层和新近系禽煤岩层等软弱岩土因素是显著影响云南历史地震震害异常的原因。利用1：20万（中比例尺）地质及水文地质资料,对云南地震重点监视防御区软弱岩土进行调研,得到软弱岩土的分布状况．并初步分析了软弱岩土的分布特征。同时,通过分析对覆盖整个昆明盆地的新生代沉积相作过较详细研究工作的1：5万地质资料,得到昆明盆地软弱土的分布及特征。     

新疆地震台网超短波传输系统及故障分析

介绍了新疆地震台网子台供电系统中太阳能电池、太阳能充电控制器、免维护蓄电池以及稳压电源等主要设备和超短波数传系统中发射机、接收机、数字复、分接设备以及天线等设备的日常维护,对超短波数传的原理、场强的接收以及设备的一些参数,作了简单的阐述,对台站设备日常出现的问题和故障,作了简单分析,并给出了一些解决的办法。并就1次典型的台网故障现象分析及排除作了详尽的阐述。     

2007年7月20日新疆特克斯5．7级地震烈度与房屋震害

介绍了2007年7月20日新疆特克斯5．7级地震的现场考察结果。该地震的宏观震中位于受灾最严重的特克斯县喀拉达拉乡琼库什台村东侧,极震区烈度为7度,圈定出6度1条等震线。同时归纳分析了灾区各类房屋建筑的震害特征及其破坏原因,并对该地区房屋的防震减灾研究提出了建议。     

Seismic images under the Beijing region inferred from P and PmP data

In this study a new tomographic method is applied to over 1500 high-quality PmP (Moho reflected wave) travel-time data as well as over 38,500 high-quality first P-wave arrivals to determine a detailed 3D crustal velocity structure under Beijing and adjacent areas. Results of detailed resolution analyses show that the PmP data can significantly improve the resolution of the model in the middle and lower crust. After the PmP data are included in the tomographic inversion, our new model not only displays the tectonic feature appeared in the previous studies, but also reveals some new features. The Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea fault zone (Zhang-Bo zone) is imaged as prominent and continuous low-velocity (low-V) anomalies in the shallower crust, while in the middle and lower crust it shows intermittent low-V anomalies extending down to the uppermost mantle. Furthermore, the pattern of low-V anomalies is different along the Zhang-Bo zone from the southeast to the northwest, indicating that there exist large differences in the dynamic evolution of Taihangshan and Yanshan uplifts and North China depression basin. Prominent low-V anomalies are visible under the source area of the 4 July 2006 Wen-An earthquake (M 5.1), suggesting that the occurrence of the Wen-An earthquake is possibly related to the effect of the crustal fluids probably caused by the upwelling of the hot and wet asthenospheric materials due to the deep dehydration of the stagnant Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone. The fluids in the lower crust may cause the weakening of the seismogenic layer in the upper and middle crust and thus contribute to the initiation of the Wen-An earthquake. This is somewhat similar to the cause of the 1695 Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake and the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in the region, as well as the 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan and the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in India.     

A Survey of Techniques for Predicting Earthquake Ground Motions for Engineering Purposes

Over the past four or five decades many advances have been made in earthquake ground-motion prediction and a variety of procedures have been proposed. Some of these procedures are based on explicit physical models of the earthquake source, travel-path and recording site while others lack a strong physical basis and seek only to replicate observations. In addition, there are a number of hybrid methods that seek to combine benefits of different approaches. The various techniques proposed have their adherents and some of them are extensively used to estimate ground motions for engineering design purposes and in seismic hazard research. These methods all have their own advantages and limitations that are not often discussed by their proponents. The purposes of this article are to: summarise existing methods and the most important references, provide a family tree showing the connections between different methods and, most importantly, to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method.