Field Measurement of Suction, Water Content, and Water Permeability

This paper presents a review of techniques for field measurement of suction, water content, and water hydraulic conductivity (permeability). Main problems in the use of field tensiometers are addressed and hints on how to improve tensiometer performance are given. Advantages and limitations of instruments for indirect measurement of suction including electrical conductivity sensors, thermal conductivity sensors, dielectric permittivity sensors, filter paper, and psychrometer are discussed. Techniques for water content measurement based on dielectric methods are then presented. These include time and amplitude domain reflectometry and capacitance. Finally, a brief overview of methods for measurement of water permeability in the field is presented.     

新疆地区地震目录最小完整性震级和台网科学布局研究

地震目录的最小完整性震级M.是地震学中最基础、最重要的研究内容之一,也是地震观测台网效能评估的关键.本文对构造活动剧烈、地震活动水平高、台站地理分布复杂的新疆地区开展M研究,试图为该地区的地震危险性评估和台站科学布局等研究提供参考资料.基于新疆地震台网发展的5个阶段划分,采用基于G-R关系的交互式分析方法,研究了M.的...     

遥感监测下的渝东南小城镇镇区拓展特征探究

DUAN Songjiang     

数字影像分析技术在海滩环境监测的应用

运用视频监测技术对青岛石老人海滩进行环境变化的监测,将基于高斯混合模型的聚类方法应用于数字影像中进行浒苔目标分割,并计算出浒苔的面积。分析结果表明,该项技术能够对海滩浒苔等海滩环境进行实时的监测,从而避免浒苔在海滩的堆积,对浴场海滩的环境及旅游业的发展都具有重要意义。     

特种监测网解算中IGS站选取的探讨

利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件处理2011年特种监测网的观测数据,将IGS站的选取分10种方案进行试验,计算结果从基线长度变化、测站坐标、NRMS、基线重复率等方面进行了比较。得出利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件处理该特种监测网时的几点建议:建议选取IGS站为GPS网提供参考框架;IGS站选取的数量不一定最多,但空间上应尽量均匀分布;选取7个IGS站时得到较高精度的结果。在日后处理此类型的特种监测网时对IGS站选取具有一定的参考价值。     

Migrations of humpback whales past Cape Vidal,South Africa,and an estimate of the population increase rate (1988–2002)

Shore-based surveys of migrating humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae were undertaken from Cape Vidal, northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, each year between 1988 and 1991, and in 2002. Daily observations of migrating whale groups were carried out from an approx. 60 m-high platform during all surveys. Whale groups were tracked by position-fixing on surfacing bouts using survey theodolites, to determine swimming speeds and headings and distance offshore, while group size estimation was carried out at each theodolite measurement. Numbers of whales observed or projected (at tracked speeds) to cross the midline of the survey area within the observation period each day were tallied in each of three distance bins. These counts were adjusted to account for daily sighting effort and for proportions that were likely to have been missed on account of their distance offshore or poor sighting conditions to produce daily sighting rates. Such daily tallies were summed over the survey period to estimate the number of whales passing Cape Vidal each year, with counts from days of <2.5 h of observation effort (due to weather or sighting condition restraints) replaced by the mean of the previous and following days. The numbers passing to the north of Cape Vidal during coincident periods of 17 days over the 1988–2002 surveys (6–22 July) and 25 days over the 1990, 1991 and 2002 surveys (6–30 July) provide statistically significant increase rates of 11.5% (SE 2.8) and 9.0% (SE 2.7) per annum respectively.     

高速公路软土地基沉降变形监测分析与预报

通过对高速公路软土地基沉降变形监测的非等步长观测序列进行数据处理后,变成等步长的数据序列,运用GM(1,1)模型进行变形分析与预报,得出了有益的结论。     

3D architecture of Quaternary sediment along the NW Atlantic Moroccan Rharb continental shelf: A stratal pattern under the dual control of tectonics and climatic variations

This study focuses on the evolution of the Atlantic NW Moroccan Rharb continental shelf during the Neogene and Quaternary. This region is part of a foreland basin bounded by the Rif mountain belt and thus provides an interesting geological setting to study the interactions between eustasy and tectonics and the driving mechanisms controlling stratigraphic patterns. The results are supported by an interpretation of new data including high-resolution seismic lines coupled with an interpretation of industrial seismic lines and detailed logs of industrial wells completed by micropaleontologic analysis of cuttings. The stratigraphy reveals a succession of three mega sequences related to the transition from an underfilled to an overfilled stage reflecting the long-term evolution of the foreland system. Moreover, evidence of cyclical sea-level changes are visible in the upper megasequence composed of three depositional sequences assumed to be fourth-order sequences generated in response to the most recent 100-ka glacio–eustatic cycles. This study also shows the peripheral deformation of the Rharb shelf responsible for changes in the geometry of the deposits and thicknesses of the sedimentary fill during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The most important change was triggered by the uplift of the Lallah Zahra Ridge corresponding to a major Quaternary kinematic boundary and the broad uplift of the southern shelf interpreted as a flexural uplift of the forebulge domain. The deformation-controlled sediment dispersal pattern consists of a progressive growth of the shelf accompanied with a progressive shift of depocenters from the North East to the South West and a general progradation to the North West along the southern border. This progressive filling has led to the confinement of the Rharb paleo-valley across the continental shelf. The complete filling of the palaeo-valley was followed by the development of a more than 70-m thick prodeltaic lobe at the front of the Oued Sebou river mouth during the Holocene.     

基于船位监控系统的拖网捕捞努力量提取方法研究

为了基于船位监控系统提取拖网捕捞努力量,通过统计航速获得3个峰值,拖网作业在第2个峰值,即1~2.1 m/s,拖网作业航向差一般在–50°~50°。利用航速、航向差阈值设定,把拖网船状态划分为慢速、作业、航行,然后提取出捕捞作业状态点,1 423艘拖网船共提取到处于捕捞状态的点318 433个,合计拖网捕捞时间15 921 h,利用反距离加权插值法生成捕捞强度分布变化趋势图。捕捞努力量在渔业资源研究中是重要的参考值之一,与传统的捕捞努力量计算方法相比,该方法具有实时、大范围、快速、分辨率高的特点,能够用于辅助渔业资源保护。