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71.
介绍了蒙特卡罗法的基本步骤以及伪随机数的检验方法;结合工程控制网的设计给出了一个实际算例,算例的结果表明该方法切实有效。 相似文献
72.
通过对城市设计中空间问题的分析,探讨了地理信息系统在城市设计中的应用,并对城市设计信息系统进行了总体设计。 相似文献
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75.
In this study, we have implemented a fast atmospheric correction algorithm to IRS-P6 advanced wide field sensor (AWiFS) satellite data for retrieving surface reflectance under different atmospheric and surface conditions. The algorithm is based on MODIS climatology products and simplified use of Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in Solar Spectrum (6S) radiative transfer code. The algorithm requires information on aerosol optical depth (AOD) for correcting the satellite dataset. The atmospheric correction algorithm has been tested for IRS-P6 AWiFS False colour composites covering the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Farm, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India, under varying atmospheric conditions. Ground measurements of surface reflectance representing different land use/land cover, i.e. red soil, chick pea, groundnut and pigeon pea crops were conducted to validate the algorithm. Terra MODIS AOD550 validated with Microtops-II sun photometer–derived AOD500 over the urban region of Hyderabad exhibited very good correlation of ~0.92, suggesting possible use of satellite-derived AOD for atmospheric correction. 相似文献
76.
Ian Muehlenhaus 《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(5):401-414
Persuasive maps are ubiquitous in society, yet cartographers have largely neglected to conduct serious, holistic research on them. Persuasive maps represent a form of visual communication that differs markedly from scientific geovisualization. First, many of these maps' communicative goals are anathema to those of scientific representation. Second, many persuasive maps ignore and defy established cartographic conventions. This article argues two things. First, the cartographic discipline can gain insight about how maps communicate information from the longitudinal and holistic analysis of persuasive maps. By comparing the differences and similarities of persuasive maps to scientific geovisualizations, researchers can begin to understand how persuasive maps communicate differently than scientific ones. Second, breaking persuasive maps down into composite parts may make it possible to identify persuasive map norms (i.e., methods of design that are embraced by producers of persuasive maps). The results of a content analysis of 256 persuasive maps are discussed. The article concludes that it may be possible to take the most statistically significant results from this study to begin identifying different rhetorical styles of persuasive maps. 相似文献
77.
A system for managing and visualizing archaeological finds and their spatio-temporal properties is presented. The system is an attempt to combine archaeologists' interest to keep track of time with interests related to the representation and visualization of the spatio-temporal component of archaeological excavations, with the help of cartographic and GIS methods and techniques. Several parameters of a prehistoric excavation such as finds, their thematic characteristics, and their spatio-temporal distributions are examined. A three-dimensional GIS/cartographic environment and its user interface to the excavation database have been developed as a tool for enhancing archaeological interpretation in an exploratory environment. The development of the system is an ongoing task; the article describes its current use as a prototype. 相似文献
78.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(1):77-93
AbstractWhile concepts and theories about design underpin the work of the professional cartographer, it is unrealistic for most map-makers to be cognisant of the plethora of techniques available to support excellence in design. In the second part of our paper to reassert the relevance of design in cartography, we present the results of a survey of cartographic experts drawn from the academic and professional world. The survey asked participants to present their top ten most expertly designed maps from throughout history. Here, we share the most frequently cited maps that emerged from that survey and describe why they exhibit design excellence. By showing map-makers a range of high-quality cartographic work, we aim to provide exemplars that demonstrate how design affects a map and expertly marries form with function. The techniques on display are well executed and create products that are both well suited to their purpose and have an aesthetic quality that invites people to take notice. They are all, in their own ways, beautiful examples of the art of design in cartography. We have deliberately avoided a ‘top ten’ approach and, instead, offer three examples in a range of map categories. The examples are neither definitive, nor exhaustive and should act as a starting point to explore design in cartography from those who have managed to set the bar high. 相似文献
79.
none 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):112-116
AbstractUsing examples from the governmental, commercial and educational sectors, the development of photo maps and mapping using satellite imagery is outlined. The emphasis of this paper is on the design possibilities and limitations which are evident in these products. Contrast and legibility problems and image clutter are considered, but it is concluded that the institutional impediments to the collaboration of specialists in researching and designing such maps may be of most importance in determining progress in the use of such maps. 相似文献
80.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(4):324-331
AbstractConsiderable attention has been paid in the literature to the changing style of Ordnance Survey mapping in the twentieth century. However, little has been written about the origins of the characteristic appearance of the first multi-colour editions, other that the Ordnance Survey used a military edition that was already in production. The distinctive style grew out of the work of a committee established in 1892 by the War Office to consider future army requirements for a map of the UK. This paper explores the work of the committee and its long-term implications for the look of mapping in the twentieth century. 相似文献