塔里木盆地中-上奥陶统浊积岩物源分析及大地构造意义

通过地表露头及钻井取心的浊积岩沉积特征观察及古流向分析、砂岩主量元素化学成分分析及地震相分析,提出塔里木盆地奥陶系陆源碎屑浊积岩主要发育于塔东地区及塘古兹巴斯坳陷的上奥陶统之中,其浊流沉积物源主要来自盆地东南侧的阿尔金岛弧、其次来自盆地西南侧的库地活动陆缘隆起; 仅盆地东北缘却尔却克山地区出露的中奥陶统顶部的却尔却克组下部陆源碎屑浊积岩的物源区,主要来自其北侧的库鲁克塔格被动陆缘隆起（台地隆起剥蚀区）。综合分析认为,晚奥陶世发生于板块南缘的阿尔金岛弧及库地活动陆缘隆起与塔里木板块的碰撞挤压运动产生的大量陆源碎屑物源,导致了板块内部多个孤立碳酸盐台地的逐步消亡及板块南部浊流盆地群的形成。     

Spatial and temporal trend of sewage pollution indicated by coprostanol in Macao Estuary,southern China

Bottom sediments and a ²¹⁰Pb dated sedimentary core in Macao Estuary were quantitatively analyzed with GC-MS for coprostanol and other sterols. Higher coprostanol concentrations were detected at Port Interior and Lower Qianshan River, indicative of serious sewage pollution from densely populated Macao Island and Zhuhai City. However, very low concentrations of coprostanol were detected around Coloane Island as well as Port Exterior and Maliuzhou River except sites adjacent sewage outlets. Coprostanol pollution in Macao Estuary originates mainly from locally direct discharge of untreated wastewater. The concentrations of coprostanol in ZJ-9 were mainly in range of 150–280 ng/g with an average of 210 ng/g for more than 20 years from early 1970s to early 1990s. However, it increased obviously since 1993, and reached the highest in 1995–1996. However, a sharp decrease of coprostanol concentration from 470 to 31 ng/g after 1996 was observed corresponding to the first wastewater treatment plant in Taipa Island going into action.     

渤海南部油气开发区浅层工程地质特性及其与沉积相的关系

根据渤海南部两个钻孔的实际材料,用成因土质学的观点和方法研究沉积物的沉积环境同其物理,力学性质的内在联系,探讨了本区浅层工程地质特性在时空上与环境的相互关系。     

云南兰坪盆地北部东缘铅锌矿床喷流沉积成因的厘定———来自矿物学和硫同位素证据

通过详细的野外地质工作和显微镜下观察,对云南兰坪盆地东北部维西—乔后断裂带上三叠统石钟山组(T₃s)中产出的铅锌矿床成因进行厘定。研究结果表明,测区内存在大量典型的同生沉积矿床标志,如:纹层构造、条纹条带构造、网脉构造、黄铁矿条带软沉积构造、黄铁矿草莓状结构、黄铁矿胶状构造、闪锌矿同心环状构造等。青甸湾矿床金属硫化物硫同位素测试结果显示,黄铁矿的δ34 S介于3.7‰ ~ 8.1‰,均值5.34‰; 闪锌矿的δ34 S介于5.2‰ ~ 10.0‰之间,均值为7.18‰; 方铅矿的δ34 S介于5.2‰ ~ 9.9‰之间,均值为7.275‰,铅锌矿床硫来源于海水硫酸根无机还原。结合矿床形成时代及大地构造背景,认为该区铅锌矿为喷流沉积作用形成。      

保靖葫芦磷矿床地质特征及矿床成因

葫芦磷矿床位于古丈背斜南西端,含磷岩系赋存于震旦系陡山沱组下部,总厚度10m、分为A—B—C—D—E—F沉积序列。矿体呈层状,产状稳定,平均厚1m。P_2O_5平均品位氧化矿石为27％;原生矿石为20％,主要由胶磷矿(氟磷灰石)和隐晶石英、以及有机碳和黄铁矿组成。磷矿形成于陆棚至陆坡的静水环境。成矿物质来自海底岩石溶解、地壳深部、海底火山和海洋生物的磷质,它们在盆地中浓缩,在化学和生物化学作用下,磷质局部富集、沉淀成矿。矿床被认为是化学和生物化学沉积成因。     

新疆备战火山岩型铁矿床大哈拉军山组碳酸盐岩中铁矿体的发现及成因意义

新疆西天山备战铁矿床出露下石炭统大哈拉军山组海相火山喷发-沉积碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩建造, 前人认为矿区铁矿体赋存在中-基性火山岩中, 主要为岩浆-热液成因。本文作者对矿区进行了剖面测量和钻孔岩芯编录, 发现在碳酸盐岩地层中也发育有铁矿体, 该矿体由纹层状、浸染状、条带状和块状矿石组成, 前三种矿石组成贫矿体, 呈层状分布于碳酸盐岩中; 块状矿石组成富矿体, 呈脉状产出于不同围岩界面及裂隙中。对矿区的碳酸盐岩进行了岩相学、地球化学和同位素分析, 认为区内碳酸盐岩包括灰岩、硅质灰岩、白云岩、钙质白云岩和大理岩等, 含矿岩石主要是白云岩。碳酸盐岩的碳同位素δ¹³C_V-PDB值(3.0‰~5.2‰)变化小, 而氧同位素δ¹⁸O_V-PDB值(-21.7‰~-12.3‰)变化大, 与成岩作用及热液活动有关; 灰岩和硅质灰岩的U/Th(< 0.5)、Ni/Co(2.99~7.59)和V/Cr(1.37~2.32)比值相对较低, δCe(0.85~1.02)异常不明显, 硅质灰岩中含有较高的SiO₂(>15%)和Al₂O₃(>3%), 其中还有硅质岩夹层, 指示其沉积环境为受陆源碎屑混染作用影响的酸性、氧化环境。白云岩的U/Th(>0.5)、Ni/Co(6.01~-18.36)、V/Cr(2.06~5.38)比值适中, δCe(0.83~0.98)具有负异常, 岩石含有硫化物和有机质, 很少有陆源碎屑混染, 指示白云岩沉积环境为碱性、还原环境, 利于Fe²⁺的溶解及铁胶体沉淀成矿。矿相学和矿物化学研究表明, 碳酸盐岩中的纹层状和浸染状矿石的磁铁矿分别是铁胶体后期转化和黄铁矿被交代的产物, 磁铁矿具有富镁低硅的特点, 为沉积成因; 而条带状和块状矿石中的磁铁矿是重结晶作用和热液交代及充填作用所致, 磁铁矿具有富钙和铝的特点, 为热液成因。因此, 备战铁矿床的碳酸盐岩中发育的铁矿体为沉积成因, 有后期热液成矿作用的叠加, 可归为沉积-热液叠加成因。

     

北羌塘盆地那底岗日剖面中上侏罗统碳酸盐岩稀土元素地球化学特征与沉积环境分析

北羌塘盆地那底岗日剖面中上侏罗统碳酸盐岩发育,其中以布曲组和索瓦组最为发育,对研究该区中上侏罗统沉积环境具重要意义。通过对稀土元素分布规律、分布特征及地球化学特征值分析,表明该套碳酸盐岩中稀土元素平均总含量(ΣREE)较低,为35.305μg/g;ΣLREE/ΣHREE比值为7.769～9.046,轻重稀土分馏明显,且稀土总含量(ΣREE)与SiO2和Al2O3含量呈正相关,与CaO含量呈负相关,说明沉积期有大量陆源碎屑注入。δCe平均值为0.966,基本无异常,但不同地层中有一定变化,布曲组到索瓦组一段、二段沉积水体氧化性显示为强-弱-强演化过程。LaN/YbN比值为1.124～1.493,其中索瓦组二段数值最小,沉积时期水体酸性最弱。表明研究区沉积水体具弱还原性,沉积时期有大量陆源碎屑注入,为近岸碳酸盐岩沉积。     

Characteristic and Geological Significance of Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures(MISS) in Terrestrial P-T Boundary in Xingyang,Western He’nan Province

Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures (MISS) are primary sedimentary structures that arise syndepositionally from microbial community activity. Especially valuable are MISS for the analysis of early Archean (and extraterrestrial) deposits. However, most reports of MISS have focused on the Precambrian and Phanerozoic mass extinction marine sediments, and only a few and terrestrial MISS have been studied. The MISS presented in this paper, which mainly consists of mat growth feature, mat destruction feature and mat decay feature, are well preserved in terrestrial clastic rocks around the P-T boundary in Xiyang area, western Henan. Large U ridges, oriented sand quartz, mica grains and thin clayey laminae arranged parallel to bedding plane are the main features visible under the microscope. Several lines of evidence indicate that the Xingyang MISS are of biogenic origin. Abundant MISS in Xingyang may indicate the degradation of terrestrial ecosystems and proliferation of microbial mats immediately after the severe Permian-Triassic mass extinction. Study aiming at MISS helps to analyze their space distribution in the globe and to probe into links between microbial proliferation and environmental stresses following the end-Permian mass extinction in terrestrial ecosystems.     

松辽盆地东南隆起区白垩系嫩江组一段沉积相、旋回及其与松科1井的对比

对松辽盆地东南隆起区嫩江组剖面进行厘米级刻画,分析其为一套深湖相与滨浅湖交互相沉积。在滨浅湖交互相沉积段,水体频繁波动,且波动幅度大。根据颜色、岩性将嫩江组一段地层划分为34个米级旋回,Fischer图解分析将米级旋回归并为11个五级旋回和2个四级旋回。剖面中发育的介形虫灰岩、白云岩结核和火山灰层在松科1井嫩江组一段连续取心中都有响应;剖面和井的Fischer图解对比发现,第15个旋回开始到第25个旋回结束,松辽盆地沉积中心向西北方向迁移,且可能伴随着盆地东缘的抬升运动。     

依兰盆地达连河组油页岩沉积特征及分布规律

依兰盆地为伸展作用下形成的半地堑式断陷盆地,油页岩发育于古近系达连河组中。油页岩与煤层伴生,分布在煤层顶部,是最主要的含矿层位。它形成于湖泊体系与沼泽体系,主要发育在水进体系域与高水位体系域中。其中,高水位体系域即上煤层顶板存在油页岩密集段,使得盆地油页岩资源潜力大幅度提高。达连河矿区是油页岩富集成矿的中心区带,东西向断裂控制着达连河组油页岩矿层的埋深以及展布成矿过程。