西藏谢通门县邦弄含铁电英岩脉的地质特征及成因分析

文章介绍了西藏谢通门县邦弄地区含铁电英岩脉的地质特征.电英岩脉的延伸方向大致与区内的断层平行,围岩为中粒斑状角闪黑云二长花岗岩.电英岩脉中见有不同程度的铁矿化,共有23条矿化较好的含铁电英岩脉.含铁电英岩脉中矿石矿物为赤铁矿(镜铁矿),脉石矿物为石英、电气石及少量的白云母和长石.矿石具叶片状、鳞片状结构,块状构造,矿石...     

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格地区奥陶系马家沟组马五段白云岩的地球化学特征

苏里格地区奥陶系马家沟组马五段白云岩是重要的油气储集层.多年来,马家沟组白云岩的成因一直是地质研究者讨论的热点话题.对苏里格地区马家沟组马五段白云岩的微量元素及C、O、Sr同位素地球化学资料的分析表明,微量元素表现为高铁、低锰、低锶、低钠;白云石、白云质角砾和孔洞充填白云岩的δ13C和δ18O值较为近似,且白云岩的δ1...     

Quartz-Ferberite Oxygen Isotope Geothermometer and Its Geological Applications

Experiments for oxygen isotope exchange between ferberite and water were carried out and the followingequation on oxygen isotope fractionation between ferberite and water against temperature was obtained:Combining this equation with the equation of Clayton et al. (1972) on oxygen isotope fractionation be-tween quartz and water, an equation on oxygen isotope fractionation between quartz and ferberite was ob-tained:The Bigeleison-Mayer function method was used to calculate the oxygen isotope fractionation betweenquartz and ferberite. The theoretical curve obtained agrees with the experimental calibration results quite wellin the temperature range of study.The above calibrated equation has been used in 5 world famous tungsten deposits to determine their tem-peratures of formation. The results show that the temperature range for an idividual deposit determined by thisgeothermometer agrees with those obtained from fluid inclusion determination and other isotopegeothermometers.     

东平县建设用地需求预测方法研究

针对传统预测方法不能同时兼顾市场经济和政策对建设用地需求影响的不足,探索性地提出：一元直线回归预测、灰色系统GM（1,1）预测法、综合分析法。通过对3种方法预测结果的比较,从而评价综合分析法的可信度与准确性。研究结果：运用综合分析法预测东平县近期建设用地需求（2010年）为16 342.36 hm^2、远期建设用地需求（2020年）为17 620.79 hm^2,研究方法对土地利用规划中的建设用地需求预测有借鉴意义。     

塔里木盆地寒武系层状硅质岩与硅化岩的元素、δ30Si、δ18O地球化学研究

塔里木盆地寒武系发育层状硅质岩和硅化岩,层状硅质岩主要发育于塔东下寒武统深水沉积相区;硅化岩发育于塔东上寒武统斜坡沉积区与西部台地区寒武系白云岩中。根据显微结构特征,可将硅化岩分为放射状硅化岩与交代残余结构硅化岩两种。分析结果表明,层状硅质岩在Al—Fe-Mn三元图中位于正常海水沉积硅质岩区内,在微量元素平均地壳标准化图解上显示平缓右倾的特征;层状硅质岩Si同位素组成护。δ30Si为0．99‰～1．4‰,O同位素组成δ18O为21．4‰～24．4‰,与沉积型硅质岩相吻合,指示了正常海水沉积成因。硅化岩区别于层状硅质岩的典型特征是具有高U异常的特征;罗西斜坡放射状硅化岩具有较高的微量元素和稀土元素含量（∑REE为18．8～96．9μg／g）与较低的Si、O同位素值（δ18O和δ30Si值分别为15．8‰和1．7‰）;西部台地区交代残余结构硅化岩具有较低微量元素和稀土元素含量（∑REE为0．58～2．61μg／g）与较高的δ30Si（1．0‰～3．8‰）、δ18O（21．6‰～27．0‰）值特征。盆地东西部硅化岩的地球化学差异可能与硅化流体的温度差异有关,罗西斜坡放射状硅化岩硅化温度相对更高;另一方面,硅化过程对h430SiO4选择性较高,因而形成的交代石英具有较高的铲勘值。根据古城4井硅化岩包裹体均一温度与交代石英的O同位素值计算得到交代流体的δ18O值为9．1‰,该值与酸性岩浆水的δ18O值相似,指示了硅化流体可能来自于岩浆或变质水;以δ18O值（9．1‰）作为西部台地区硅化流体的O同位素值,计算得到西部台地区硅化岩硅化流体温度为101．3～158．5℃。根据石英O同位素温度计计算的硅化流体温度呈东高西低的趋势,指示了硅化流体可能来自台地东部。     

海南福基田幔源辉石结构OH与氢氧同位素

采用IR光谱和质谱技术分析了海南福基田幔源巨晶和包体中辉石的结构羟基红外光谱和氢氧同位素。测试的所有巨晶普通辉石和包体中透辉石及顽火辉石均含结构OH,对比印证了国内外同类矿物的红外光谱特征。结构水质量分数分别是:普通辉石87×10-6~389×10-6;透辉石127×10-6~273×10-6;顽火辉石69×10-6~207×10-6。包体中结构水质量分数为1 811×10-6~5 377×10-6,平均为3 133×10-6。包体中辉石的氢氧同位素特征如下:透辉石的δ(D)为-123.17‰,顽火辉石的δ(D)为-132.04‰;透辉石的δ(18O)为5.96‰,顽火辉石的δ(18O)为5.60‰。实验和对比表明,辉石是海南福基田上地幔重要的"水储库",包体未受地壳成分污染,继承和保持了上地幔"富水贫氘"的特征。上述结果为该地区上地幔研究提供了结构水和氢氧同位素的基础资料。     

硝酸盐氮氧同位素反硝化细菌法测试研究

进入21世纪,硝酸盐氮氧同位素测试技术的显著进展是反硝化细菌法测试技术的建立。反硝化细菌法具有可同时分析浓度低至μg/L的硝酸盐氮氧同位素组成、免去复杂的样品预处理、分析时间大大缩短以及从复杂溶液中只转化NO3-为N2O等优点。实验过程由细菌挑选和培养、样品NO3-转化为N2O、N2O提取纯化、同位素测试以及同位素测试结果校正等几个关键步骤组成。国外研究结果显示该技术不仅可用于海水和淡水中硝酸盐同位素测试,而且还可用于土壤样品,并得到不断的完善和应用;国内建立了这一技术,在包气带和地下水硝酸盐污染研究中取得重要进展。由于该技术诸多优点,建议大力促进这一技术在我国的研究和应用,希望有关部门加大支持力度,进一步完善该技术并推广应用。     

河北矾山超钾质岩浆氧逸度及含水性特征的磷灰石地球化学记录

产于华北克拉通北缘的晚三叠世矾山超钾质碱性岩杂岩体主要由单斜辉石岩和辉石正长岩等组成,以发育内生磷灰石-磁铁矿矿床而闻名。本文选取矾山杂岩体中的磷灰石为研究对象,通过测试磷灰石的主微量元素及原位Sr-Nd同位素组成以探讨母岩浆的氧逸度及含水性特征。研究表明,矾山磷灰石以轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损为特征,显示出缺乏显著Ce异常的“右倾”的稀土配分型式,且具有较低的Ga含量及较高的δEu值,暗示杂岩体具有较高的岩浆氧逸度,这也得到了磷灰石Mn氧逸度计的支持。所有磷灰石以高Sr、低Y为特征,具有较高的Sr/Y(>30)和La/Yb(>90)比值,且Sr/Y与La/Yb存在明显的正相关关系,表明矾山超钾质岩浆具有较高的含水量。矾山磷灰石的原位Sr-Nd同位素投点位于地幔序列,明显偏离地壳趋势。母岩浆的“氧化且富水”特征是矾山杂岩体得以发生磷灰石-磁铁矿矿化的重要因素,其主要与板片俯冲过程中蚀变洋壳对岩石圈地幔的交代作用有关。通过对比矾山杂岩体与全球范围内其他地质环境中磷灰石的成分数据,发现具有“高Sr、低F、少Cl”特征的磷灰石可作为识别超钾质碱性岩杂岩体(及其相关金属矿床)的...     

Paleo‐fires and Atmospheric Oxygen Levels in the Latest Permian: Evidence from Maceral Compositions of Coals in Eastern Yunnan,Southern China

Inertinite maceral compositions of the Late Permian coals from three sections in the terrestrial and paralic settings of eastern Yunnan are analyzed in order to reveal the paleo-fire events and the atmospheric oxygen levels in the latest Permian. Although the macerals in the studied sections are generally dominated by vitrinite, the inertinite group makes up a considerable proportion. Its content increases upward from the beginning of the Late Permian to the coal seam near the Permian-Triassic boundary. Based on the microscopic features and the prevailing theory that inertinite is largely a by-product of paleo-fires, we suggest that the increasing upward trend of the inertinite abundance in the latest Permian could imply that the Late Permian peatland had suffered from frequent wildfires. Since ignition and burning depend on sufficient oxygen, a model-based calculation suggests that the O2 levels near the Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian boundary and the Permian-Triassic boundary are 27% and 28% respectively. This output adds supports to other discoveries made in the temporal marine and terrestrial sediments, and challenges the theories advocating hypoxia as a mechanism for the Permian-Triassic boundary crisis.     

An analysis of coastal erosion in the tropical rapid accretion delta of the Red River, Vietnam

The largest plain in the North Vietnam has formed by the redundant sediment of the Red River system. Sediment supply is not equally distributed, causing erosion in some places. The paper analyzes the evolvement and physical mechanism of the erosion. The overlay of five recent topographical maps (1930, 1965, 1985, 1995, and 2001) shows that sediment redundantly deposits at some big river mouths (Ba Lat, Lach, and Day), leading to rapid accretion (up to 100 m/y). Typical mechanism of delta propagation is forming and connecting sand bars in front of the mouths. Erosion coasts are distributed either between the river mouths (Hai Hau) or nearby them (Giao Long, Giao Phong, and Nghia Phuc). The evolvement of erosion is caused by wave-induced longshore southwestward sediment transport. Meanwhile sediment from the river mouths is not directed to deposit nearshore. The development of sand bars can intensively reduce the erosion rate nearby river mouths. Erosion in Hai Hau is accelerated by sea level rise and upstream dams. Sea dike stability is seriously threatened by erosion-induced lowering of beach profiles, sea level rise, typhoon, and storm surge.