Seawater normalized REE patterns of dolomites in Geshan and Panlongdong sections,China: Implications for tracing dolomitization and diagenetic fluids

In conventional studies of tracing dolomitization and diagenetic fluids, REEs of dolomites were widely used as been normalized by PAAS, NASC or chondrite. However, most dolomites are formed in seawater or seawater-derived fluids. Thus, we conduct a new attempt to normalize the REEs of dolomite using seawater standard, based on case studies on 36 Triassic limestone–dolomite samples from the Geshan section of southeast China and 26 Permian–Triassic dolomite samples from the Panlongdong section of northeastern Sichuan Basin, southwest China.The Geshan seawater-normalized (SN) REE patterns are characterized by notable positive Ce_SN (average Ce_SN/Ce* = 6.823, SD = 0.192) and negative Pr_SN anomalies (average Pr_SN/Pr* = 0.310, SD = 0.010), and slightly negative Gd_SN anomalis (average Gd_SN/Gd* = 0.864, SD = 0.053), with no obvious Eu_SN anomaly (average Eu_SN/Eu* = 1.036, SD = 0.094). The signatures of REE patterns barely changed during the dolomitization process. For the REE compositions of the Panlongdong dolomite, it can be found that (1) the recrystallization process can result in varied total REE concentrations (between 7.16 ppm and 37.87 ppm), but do not alter the REE patterns, including consistent positive Ce_SN anomalies (average = 4.074, SD = 0.27) and LREE enrichment (average Nd_SN/Yb_SN = 3.164, SD = 0.787); (2) meteoric incursion can reverse Ce anomaly, from the strong positive Ce anomalies (Ce_SN/Ce* = 5.059) to slightly positive (Ce_SN/Ce* = 2.459) or even negative Ce anomalies; and (3) hydrothermal fluid altered REE pattern is complicated by fluctuated distribution curve, negative Ce anomaly and positive Eu anomaly (Eu_SN/Eu* = 1.862). These results suggest that the seawater normalized REE patterns of dolomite can serve as an index to study the source of the dolomitization fluids and distinguish complex diagenetic processes, providing a complement to previous works.     

Vibrios in association with sedimentary crustaceans in three beaches of the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy)

In the marine environment, vibrios adhere to a number of substrates including chitin-rich organisms such as crustaceans. Their wide diffusion in coastal waters and pathogenic potential require knowledge of the lifestyle and environmental reservoirs of these bacteria. To test the presence of culturable vibrios in coastal areas and their association with benthic crustaceans, vibrios were isolated from water, sediments and crustaceans (copepods and anphipods) at three stations placed in front of heavily used tourist beaches of the Adriatic Sea. We observed significant correlations between vibrios and temperature. Benthic and planktonic copepods harboured vibrios in summer, while benthic amphipods harboured these bacteria in spring and autumn. Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains gave positive results using primers for Vibrio cholerae toxR and toxS. Sedimentary crustaceans may extend Vibrio persistence in seawater and may represent an additional aquatic reservoir of these bacteria.     

Occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Liverpool Bay, Irish Sea

Surface seawater samples were collected in the Irish Sea and Liverpool Bay area from the R.V. Prince Madog during the period of 25-31 of March 2006. VOCs were purged with nitrogen, pre-concentrated on a SPME fibre and analysed immediately on a GC-MS. Target compounds quantified were halogenated (0.2-1400 ng L(-1)), BTEXs and mono-aromatics (1.5-2900 ng L(-1)), aliphatic hydrocarbons and others (0.6-15,800 ng L(-1)). Day and night sampling was performed at a single station and suggested that factors such as sunlight and tide affect the presence of many of these compounds. Sample variability was high due to the variable weather conditions at the station. Poor correlations were found between marine phytopigments and selected VOCs. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis showed that chlorinated compounds such as 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene and carbon tetrachloride, predominantly from anthropogenic sources, originated from the River Mersey. Other brominated and iodinated compounds quantified were more likely to be from biogenic sources including novel marine compounds such as 2-chloropropane, 1-bromoethane and 1-chlorobutane.     

Groundwater quality of porous aquifers in Greece: a synoptic review

Greece is dependent on groundwater resources for its water supply. The main aquifers are within carbonate rocks (karstic aquifers) and coarse grained Neogene and Quaternary deposits (porous aquifers). The use of groundwater resources has become particularly intensive in coastal areas during the last decades with the intense urbanization, tourist development and irrigated land expansion. Sources of groundwater pollution are the seawater intrusion due to over-exploitation of coastal aquifers, the fertilizers from agricultural activities and the disposal of untreated wastewater in torrents or in old pumping wells. In the last decades the total abstractions from coastal aquifers exceed the natural recharge; so the aquifer systems are not used safely. Over-exploitation causes a negative water balance, triggering seawater intrusion. Seawater intrusion phenomena are recorded in coastal aquifer systems. Nitrate pollution is the second major source of groundwater degradation in many areas in Greece. The high levels of nitrate are probably the result of over-fertilization and the lack of sewage systems in some urban areas.     

海水入侵的实验研究

在海岸含水层中,含较多盐分的海水向陆地方向入侵形成淡-咸水交界面,通常称为海水入侵界面。该界面的动态变化受气象、水文地质和人类活动等因素的影响,是海水入侵问题的主要研究内容。本文介绍了海水向含水层中入侵的室内实验研究,以着色海水和图像处理方法获得入侵界面的形态及其动态变化。实验方法先进,所得数据整体性强,精度高,而且观测方法对流场没有干扰,比传统的提取水样进行化验的方法更有效。实验中模拟了海洋潮汐条件,揭示了入侵界面在不同实验条件下的动态特征。应用数值模拟方法揭示了流场的特征。计算表明,流场分两个区———淡水区和咸水区,由入侵界面分开。淡水区的水流相对活跃,淡水由入侵界面以上区域渗出边界,在界面以上形成淡水通道。     

海水池塘混合施肥养殖台湾红罗非鱼的鱼产力和负荷力

于１９９５年７—９月,在烟台市黄海水产集团公司第二养虾场,采用围隔实验法研究了海水池塘混合施肥养殖台湾红罗非鱼的鱼产力、负荷力和最适放养量。实验中每个围隔面积为 ５ｍ×５ｍ,各设 １台 ９０Ｗ的搅水机（４ ８００ｒ／ ｈ）。每日施肥基准为：鸡粪干物质, ２５ｋｇ／ｈａ：氮肥, Ｎ０．１５× １０－６;磷肥,Ｐ０．０１５× １０－６。结果表明,静水海水池塘混合施肥的鱼产力为０．７９ｇ／（ｍ２·ｄ）,池塘对台湾红罗非鱼的负荷力为１７９６．０ｋｇ／ｈａ,鱼（体重７０ｇ／ｉｎｄ）的最适放养量约为８０００ｉｎｄ／ｈａ。