中国大陆科学钻探主孔100~2000 m测井磁化率和磁三分量分析

对比分析了中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔100~2 000 m测井磁化率与岩心样本磁化率的测量结果,二者具有较好的一致性。测井磁化率统计结果表明CCSD主孔100~2 000 m超高压变质岩的磁化率从高至低依次为:蛇纹岩、石英榴辉岩、金红石榴辉岩、正片麻岩、退变质榴辉岩、多硅白云母榴辉岩、副片麻岩、绿泥石角闪岩、角闪岩。由CCSD主孔100~2 000 m磁三分量测量数据得到磁异常的△BZ、△BH和△BT值,结合前人所做的岩石学研究分析发现:主孔530~575 m的磁异常主要由岩石的金红石矿化、钛磁铁矿化和磁铁矿化引起,604~643 m和652~678 m的磁异常主要由岩石的蛇纹石化引起;钻孔中岩层的磁化率对磁三分量异常起着主要的决定作用,高磁化率岩层都表现出较大的磁三分量异常。     

冲击波物理在地球和行星科学研究中的应用

概要介绍了冲击波物理应用于地球和行量科学研究中所取得的一些最新成果。主要涉及地球深部物质的组成，性质和状态，行星的组成模型，以及太阳系中的碰撞成坑和吸积相互作用等领域。着重论述了冲击波物理在这些领域的研究中所发挥的作用。     

埃达克岩来自高压背景——一个科学的、可靠的、有预见性的科学发现

国内对埃达克岩的成因及其含义认识不同,已经争论20年了。虽然不同见解争论激烈,但是,笔者经过20年不懈的研究指出:埃达克岩的确与高压背景有关并可上升为理论了。虽然关于埃达克岩的形成和演化还有许多问题并不清楚,虽然埃达克岩仍存在激烈的争论,但是,这些并不能阻止埃达克理论的逐渐形成和完善。"埃达克岩形成于高压背景"已经可以被证明是一个近似正确的理论。笔者强调指出,埃达克岩的高锶低钇特点不能用常规的地球化学方法解释,只能用残留相理论解释,说明埃达克岩与榴辉岩(是榴辉岩,不是石榴石)处于平衡。埃达克理论之所以能够称为理论,一个重要的原因是它具有科学的预见性,本文提出埃达克理论的三个预言是:(1)埃达克岩不与南岭型花岗岩共生;(2) C型埃达克岩形成于高原和山脉;(3)埃达克岩与金铜成矿作用有关。笔者欢迎全球科学家对上述三个预言进行检验。文中还重新提出了"中国东部高原"问题,指出国内外已经消失的高原和山脉肯定不少。但如何恢复它们、识别它们?国外没有现成的实例、方法和思路。而"中国东部高原"的提出是有一定的依据的,是值得我们去深入研究的,这可能会开辟一个新的研究方向。本文还建议根据埃达克理论部署区域性和战略性找矿工作,开展全球、全国的中酸性岩大普查,重点查明埃达克岩和南岭型花岗岩的时代和分布,划分地壳加厚和地壳减薄的区域,在埃达克岩发育区部署金铜找矿工作,在南岭型花岗岩发育区开展钨锡找矿工作。     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔钻孔崩落与现场应力状态的确定

中国大陆科学钻探主钻孔在1200m深度以下出现了钻孔崩落现象,我们在1200m至2015m的范围内采集了82个钻孔成像测井图象资料。对钻孔崩落长轴方位进行了方向统计,结果表明近似对称的崩落平均方位为324.8°±3.3°,对应的平均最大水平主应力方位为54.8°±3.3°。利用崩落形状要素(崩落深度和崩落宽度)以及岩石力学实验确定的岩石内聚力和摩擦系数,计算了1269m、1500m、2000m等16个深度上的最大和最小水平主应力的大小。根据岩石密度测井资料计算了各个深度上静负载应力。三个主应力的大小和方向反映出主钻孔位置的应力场处于走滑应力状态,与地震震源机制解得到的走滑应力场一致。     

Petrological and geochronological constraints on the formation, subduction and exhumation of the continental crust in the southern Sulu orogen, eastern-central China

Detailed petrological, geochemical and geochronological studies were carried out for the core samples from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Main Hole (CCSD-MH) with a final depth of 5158 m. This borehole has penetrated into an ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic slice consisting mainly of eclogites, gneisses, garnet-pyroxenites and garnet-peridotites. Geochemical characteristics indicate that their protoliths are igneous rocks, and occur in a continental rifting tectonic setting. Quartz-, rutile- and ilmenite-rich eclogites from 0 to 710 m occur as alternating layers; the eclogites, together with interlayers of peridotites and gneisses form a layered ultramafic-mafic-acidic intrusion, which was formed by extensive fractional crystallization of basaltic magma in continental environments. The granitic gneisses from 1190 to 1505 m and 3460 to 5118 m show affinity to within-plate granite, whereas the granitic gneisses from 710 to 1190 m and 1505 to 3460 m exhibit characteristics of volcanic-arc granite. Zircon U-Pb dating demonstrates that the magmatic zircon cores, which have relatively high Th/U ratios (mostly > 0.4), from both eclogites and gneisses, yield the same age at c. 788.8 Ma, suggesting that the protoliths of UHP rocks were formed by bimodal magmatism in Neoproterozoic rifting tectonic zones along the northern margin of the Yangtze Plate, in response to the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia. U-Pb dating of metamorphic zircons with coesite and other eclogite-facies mineral inclusions and with relatively low Th/U ratios (mostly < 0.14) gives similar Triassic ages, which define two main zircon-forming events at 221.1 Ma and 216.7 Ma. We suggest that the older weighted mean age represents the peak-UHP metamorphic event at a pressure of 5.0 GPa (corresponds to ∼ 165 km depth), whereas the younger mean age reflects the UHP/HP retrograde event at a pressure 2.8 GPa (∼ 92 km depth). Therefore, a maximum rate of vertical movement during early exhumation of the UHP rocks from the Sulu orogen would be 17 mm/year, which is quite similar to initial exhumation rates (16 to 35 mm/year) of many UHP terranes in the world.     

晶体生长的数学模型及其稳定能的科学计算

阐述了建立晶体生长数学模型的方法、技巧和意义，讨论了晶体生长稳定能的科学计算方法及其意义。     

加强科学管理全面提高地形变观测质量

主要介绍我国西部地形变监测情况,以及加强科学管理和提高监测质量的工作经验。科学管理的目的是充分调动职工的工作积极性、发挥职工的主观能动性、增强集体凝聚力、提高职工整体素质,全面提高观测质量,为地震科研预报提供可靠的观测资料。     

IPCC emission scenarios: How did critiques affect their quality and relevance 1990–2022?

Long-term global emission scenarios enable the analysis of future climate change, impacts, and response strategies by providing insight into possible future developments and linking these different climate research elements. Such scenarios play a crucial role in the climate change literature informing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Assessment Reports (ARs) and support policymakers. This article reviews the evolution of emission scenarios, since 1990, by focusing on scenario critiques and responses as published in the literature. We focus on the issues raised in the critiques and the possible impact on scenario development. The critique (280) focuses on four areas: 1) key scenario assumptions (40%), 2) the emissions range covered by the scenarios and missing scenarios (25%), 3) methodological issues (24%), and 4) the policy relevance and handling of uncertainty (11%). Scenario critiques have become increasingly influential since 2000. Some areas of critique have decreased or become less prominent (probability, development process, convergence assumptions, and economic metrics). Other areas have become more dominant over time (e.g., policy relevance & implications of scenarios, transparency, Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs) assumptions, missing scenarios). Several changes have been made in developing scenarios and their content that respond to the critique.     

中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔榴辉岩原岩研究及其成因指示

榴辉岩是造山带中最为常见的高级变质岩石,无论是自身还是其原岩均蕴含着丰富的地球动力学信息。以中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔0～2000m范围内揭露的榴辉岩为对象,按其与围岩接触关系,划分为与片麻岩类共生的榴辉岩、与超基性岩毗邻的榴辉岩以及与超基性岩共生的榴辉岩3种类型。据此对比分析了此3类榴辉岩的地球化学组成的差异,提出了这些岩石的原岩可能是由单一岩浆房岩浆经堆晶及分离结晶作用演化而来的基性—超基性杂岩体,物质来源主要为富集地幔物质的部分熔融,其构造环境应位于洋壳对大陆俯冲的消减带,但并非岛弧环境,应是弧后拉张岩浆作用的产物。     

民乐-山丹6.1级地震短期预报的科学总结

系统总结了民乐-山丹6．1级地震孕育的地震环境、中短期背景、短期阶段异常综合特征等。在此基础上结合祁连山地震带短期阶段地震异常的共性特征，论述了民乐-山丹6．1级地震短期预报的主要依据和科学决策，并对有关判定中的思路、方法、难点及问题等进行了讨论。